| Question |
Answer |
| What are the four possible outcomes of acute inflammation? |
resolution, abcess formation, scarring, chronic inflammation |
| What is the most common etiology of chronic inflammation? |
low-grade, smoldering response without acute inflammation responses |
| What are the stages of chronic inflammation? |
infiltration by mononuclear cells, tisue destruction, attempts at healing |
| What is the key cell in chronic granulomatous reaction? |
macrophages |
| What are macrophages in the liver called? |
Kupffer cells |
| What are macrophages in spleen, LNs, lung called? |
alveolar macrophages |
| What is the relationship between T-cells and macrophages? |
recipricol relationship; they can continue to stimulate eachother |
| What is the role of plasma cells in chronic inflammation? |
B-cell response; antibody response; |
| What stimulates eosinophils in chronic inflammation? |
parasitic infection; IgE mediated response; eotaxin |
| What is released from eosinophil granues? |
Major basic protein; toxic to paraties and epithelium |
| What do mast cells release? What response do they participate in? |
histamine; anaphylaxis |
| What is chronic active inflammation? |
neutrophils are found in a chronic inflammation |
| Define granulomatous inflammation. |
aggregates of activated macrophages with squamous epithelioid appearance; indigestible substances |
| Characteristics of granulomatous inflammation. |
T-cell response to microbes and fungi; cell-mediated responses to insoluble particles |
| What is a granuloma? |
focused inflammation; macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes and plasma cells |
| What is the prototype granulomatous infection? |
TB |
| What is the characteristic of foreign body granulomas? |
material is too large to be phagocytosed; macrophages wall off offending agent as defense |
| What are characteristic of immune granulomas? |
induce cell-mediated response; macrophages and t-cells engulf foreign agent |
| What granulomatous disease is caseous necrosis a common finding? |
TB |
| What is lymphangitis? |
inflammation of lymphatic channels; leukocytes and cell debris |
| What is lymphadenitis? |
inflammation of the draining lymph nodes |
| What is bacteremia? |
infection overwhelms lymph nodes and enters vasculature; sepsis |
| What is serous inflammation? |
outpouring of watery, protein-poor fluid (effusion) |
| What is fibrinous inflammation? |
extravascular fibrin accumulates in severe injury with greater vascular permeability |
| What is suppurative or purulent inflammation? |
large amounts of pus; pyogenic bacteria; |
| What are abcesses? |
focal localized collections of purulent tissue; usually walled by neutrophils/fibroblasts within healthy tissue |
| What is an ulceration? |
local defect/excavation produced by sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue |
| What are the characteristics of SIRS? |
fever, inc leukocytes, dec appetite, altered sleep patterns, acute phase proteins |
| What chemicals cause fever in acute phase response? |
cytokines stimulate prostaglandin synthesis in hypothalamic thermoregulatory center |
| What are acute phase proteins? |
plasma proteins from liver; C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A protein |
| What type of infection is characteristic of neutrophilia? |
bacterial |
| What type of infection is characteristic of lymphocytosis? |
viral |
| What type of infection is characterstic of eosinophilia? |
parasitic, asthma, hay fever |
| What type of infection is characteristic of leukopenia? |
typhoid fever, virus, rickettsiae, protozoa |
| What is leukocytosis? |
increased total WBC; 15 - 20 k |
| What is leukemoid reaction? |
very high WBC count; 40 - 100k |
| What is a shift to the left? |
increased release of immature WBC; inc bone marrow |
| What is the septic shock triad? |
DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), hypoglycemia, CV failure |
Science Vocab 147928
