| Question |
Answer |
| Joints are? |
The places where bones come together. Used for flexability of movement |
| Sesamoid Bones |
Small,rounded bones resembling a sesame seed. Found near joints and they increase the efficency of of muscles near a particular joint. |
| Diaphysis |
The shaft, or middle region of a long bone. |
| Epiphysis |
The end of a long bone. |
| Epiphyseal line or plate |
Represents an area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tisue as the bone grows. Also known as the growth plate. |
| Metaphysis |
The flared portion of the bone. It lies between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. |
| Periosteum |
Strong, fibrous,vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones except for the end of the epiphyses |
| Articular Cartilage |
The end of a long bone and the surface of any bone that meets another bone to form a joint, they are covered with this. |
| Compact (cortical) bone. |
a layer of hard,dense bone that lies under hte periosteum in all bones and lies chiefly around the diaphysis of long bones. |
| haversian canals |
small canals containing blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the bone and remove waste products such as carbon dioxide |
| Medulllary Cavity |
the hollowed out central shaft of a long bonethat contains yellow bone marrow |
| Cancellous Bone |
also known as spongy or tabecular bone it is porous and very dense |
| Bone Processes |
enlarged areas taht extend out from bones to serve as attachments for muscles and tendons |
| Bone Head |
rounded end of a bone separated from the body of the bone by a neck; usually covered by articular cartilage |
| Greater Trochanter |
large process on the femer for attachment of tendons and muscle |
| Lesser Trochanter |
is a small process |
| Tubercle |
rounded process on many bones for attachment of tendons and muscles |
| Condyle |
round, knuckle like process at the joint; usually covered by articular cartilage |
| Fossa |
shallow cavity in or on a bone |
| Foramen |
opening for blood vessels and nerves |
| Fissure |
narrow, deep, slit-like opening |
| Sinus |
hollow cavity within a bone |
| Sutures |
joints of the cranial bones |
| frontal bones |
forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes |
| parietal bone |
the 2 bones on each side of the skull that form the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium |
| temporal bone |
the 2 bones that form the lower sides and base of hte cranium |
| mastoid process |
the round proces of the temporal bone behind the ear |
| styloid process |
projects downward from the temporal bone |
| occipital bone |
forms the back and the base of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones |
| foramen magnum |
opening in which spinal cord passes |
| sphenoid bone |
the bat-shaped bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull |
| ethmoid bone |
the thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eyes |
| nasal bones |
the 2 slender bones that support the bridge of the nose |
| lacrimal bones |
the 2 small, thin bones located at the corner of each eye |
| maxillary bones |
the 2 large bones that compse the massive upper jawbones |
| cleft palate |
if the two maxillary bones do not come together before birth |
| mandibular bone |
the lower jawbone |
| alveoli |
socket where teeth are embedded |
| zygomatic bones |
2 bones, one on each side of the face that form the high portion of the cheek |
| vomer |
the thin, single, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum |
| sinuses |
air cavities located in the cranial and facial bones |
| intervertebral disk |
pads of cartilage that seperate bone |
| cervical vertebrae |
C1-C7 |
| thoracic vertebrae |
T1-T12 |
| Lumbar vertebrae |
L1-L5 |
| sacral vertebrae |
triangular shaped bone |
| cocyx |
tailbone |
| vertebral body |
inner thick round anterior portion of the vertebrae |
| intervertebral disk |
a pad of cartilage that provides flaxability and prevents shock to the vertebral column |
| spinous process |
posterior portion of the vertebra |
| transverse process |
a spinous process that protrudes behind the pubis bone |
| neural canal |
space between the vertebral body and the vertebral arch through which the spinal cord passes |
| lamina |
part of the vertabral arch |
| clavicle |
collar bone |
| scapula |
shoulder blade |
| sternum |
breastbone |
| ribs |
12 pairs of these, first 7 join the sternum |
| xiphoid process |
the lower portion of the sternum |
| manubrium |
the upper portion of the sternum |
| humerus |
upper arm bone |
| ulna |
medial lower arm bone |
| olecranon |
elbow bone |
| radious |
lateral lower arm bone (lines with thumb) |
| carpals |
wrist bone |
| metacarpals |
the five radiating bones of the fingers |
| phalanges |
finger bones |
| pelvic girdle |
pelvis |
| ilium |
upper part of the pubic girdle |
| ischium |
outer part of the pubic girdle |
| femur |
thigh bone |
| acetabulum |
hip socket |
| patella |
kneecap |
| tibia |
large bone of the lower leg |
| fibula |
smaller bone of the lower leg |
| tarsals |
bones of the hind part of the foot |
| calcaneus |
heel bone |
| metatarsals |
bones of the midfoot |
| phalanges of the toes |
bones of the forefoot |
| ewing sarcoma |
malignant bone tumor |
| exostosis |
bony growth arising from the surface of the bone |
| fracture |
traumatic breaking of bone |
| colles fracture |
fracture that occurs near the wrist joint at the lower end of the radious |
| crepitus |
crackling sound produced by bones rubbing each other or against roughend cartilage |
| osteogenic sarcoma |
malignant tumor arising from bone |
| osteomalacia |
softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone |
| osteomyelitis |
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection |
| osteoporosis |
decrease in bone density/thining or weakening of bone |
| talipes |
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot |
| bunion |
swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint |
| closed fracture |
bone is broken but no open wound |
| open fracture |
bone is broken and a fragment of bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin |
| pathologic fracture |
disease of the bone such as a tumor or infection making it weak |
| comminuted fracture |
bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces |
| compression fracture |
bone is compressed; often occurs in the vertebrae |
| greenstick fracture |
bone is partially broken; it breaks on one surface and only bends on the other |
| impacated fracture |
one fragment is driven firmly into the other |
| reduction |
restoration of the bone to its normal position |
| ORIF |
open reduction/internal fixation |
| mestatic bone lesions |
malignant tumors from other parts of the body that metastasize to bones |
| rickets |
a softening of bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity |
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500 Words
