| Question |
Answer |
| What is a gene? |
Entire nucleic acid sequence that controls the synthesis of a polypeptide or a functional RNA molecule |
| Describe the three steps of transcription |
1. Initiation: RNA polymerase binds upstream at the promoter. Binding is aided by transcription factors. 2. Elongation: RNA polymerase uses nucleotide triphosphates to copy DNA strands using complementary base pairing. 3. Termination |
| Describe four steps which are necessary to prepare a newly synthesised mRNA molecule for translation |
5' capping, RNA splicng, 3' polyadenylation, export |
| What does redundancy in the genetic code mean? |
First two bases of codon are usually the same |
| What is meant by a wobble? |
The first two bases of the codon bind tightly and the third is weakly bonded/ does not necessarily have to match |
| How are protein concentrations regulated? |
By regulating frequency protein is transcribed, how long mRNA lasts for, frequency mRNA is TRANSLATED and how long protein lasts before degradation |
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