| Question |
Answer |
| CAM |
Content Addressable Memory in a Switch |
| Store and Forward |
Entire frame is stored in memory, checked, and then sent to it's destination |
| Cut Through |
Frame is forwarded before all of it is received |
| CRC |
Cyclic Redundancy Check |
| FCS |
Frame Check Sequence |
| Fast Forward |
Frame is forwarded as soon as destination MAC is received |
| Fragment Free |
First 64 bytes are read before forwarded to prevent runts |
| Adaptive Cut Through |
Starts switching Fast Forward, but changes to Store and Forward if there are a lot of errors |
| STP |
Spanning Tree Protocol |
| BPDU |
Bridge Protocol Data Units used by STP by multicasting to other switches every 2 seconds |
| STP Port Power On States |
Blocking (solid amber), Listening (blinking amber), Learning (blinking amber), Forwarding (blinking green) |
| Root Bridge |
The focal point switch that is elected based on Bridge ID (BID) |
| BID |
Bridge ID=Bridge Priority + MAC address, lower BID wins. Same BID, lower MAC wins |
| Root Port |
Least cost path back to the root bridge |
| Designated Port |
Not the least cost path back to the root bridge |
| Blocked Port |
Does not forward traffic (not the same as disabled port) |
| STP PortFast |
Access port enters forwarding state immediately |
| STP UplinkFast |
Accelerates the choice of a root port |
| STP BackboneFast |
Provides fast convergence after a STP topology change |
| Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE |
IEEE 802.1D |
| Rapid STP IEEE |
IEEE 802.1w |
| RSTP |
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (not proprietary like PortFast) |
| RSTP Port States |
discarding, learning, forwarding |
| VMPS |
VLAN Management Policy Server |
| Management VLAN |
VLAN 1, aka native VLAN |
| Frame Tagging |
VLAN ID is inserted into the ethernet frame |
| Frame Tagging Standard |
IEEE 802.1Q aka dot1q |
| VLAN functions |
Limits size of broadcast domains, improves network performance, provides security |
| ISL |
Cisco proprietary frame tagging standard "Inter-Switch Link" |
| Where untagged frames go |
VLAN 1 |
| ACL |
Access Control Lists |
| Standard ACL |
ACL based on Source IP in Packet. 1-99 |
| Extended ACL |
ACL based on SRC, DEST, protocol. 100-199 |
| Named ACL |
NACL referenced by a descriptive name rather than a number |
| BCP |
Business Continuity Plan |
| BSP |
Business Security Plan |
| NMP |
Network Maintenance Plan |
| SLA |
Service Level Agreement |
| IDF |
Intermediate Distribution Facility |
| MDF |
Main Distribution Facility |
| Microsegment |
A connection between ports on a switch made by a virtual circuit |
| VTP |
Vlan Trunking Protocol, layer 2, distributes vlan database |
| Hierarchical Addressing |
Address structure where branches of a network are subnets of the larger network |
| Route Aggregation |
syn: Route summarization |
| Quad Zero Route |
0.0.0.0 |
| Distance Vector Protocols |
Routing Protocols where routers rely on their direct neighbor for information about where other networks are located. |
| RIPng |
RIP Next Generation, 15 hops max, split horizon and poison reverse, |
| RIPv2 |
Classless routing, VLSM, CIDR, authentication, multicasts every 30s, AD=120, UDP520 |
| RIPv1 |
Classful routing, automatic summary, broadcasts every 30 s, AD=120, UDP520 |
| split horizon |
router does not send routing info from the interface it came in on |
| route poisoning |
setting the route to 16 to stop traffic on route to break loops |
| poisoned reverse |
setting network or subnet to "unreachable" to break loops |
| holdown |
a router stops sending or receiving info for a set amount of time to remove bad routes. |
| RIP request |
requesting RIP neighbors to report routes |
| RIP response |
RIP router sends out responses to RIP requests |
| triggered update |
RIP router sends out it's routing table update |
| EIGRP advantages |
Cisco only, VLSM, DUAL, fast convergence, loop free, composite metric, hello packets |
| DUAL |
Diffusing Update Algorithm |
| Admin Dist of RIP |
120 |
| Admin Dist of EIGRP |
90 |
| Admin Dist of Static |
1 |
| Admin Dist of Connected |
0 |
| Admin Dist of OSPF |
110 |
| EIGRP Tables |
Neighbor, Topology, Routing |
| EIGRP update interval |
every 5s on faster than T1, 60s on T1 or slower |
| EIGRP Packets |
Ack, Update, Query, Reply |
| RTP |
Reliable Transport Protocol works on proprietary Layer 4 |
| PDM |
Protocol Dependent Module |
| EIGRP Metrics |
delay, reliability, load |
| EIGRP FD |
Feasible Distance (the best path) |
| EIGRP AD |
Advertised Distance (the best path from a neighbor) |
| EIGRP RD |
Reported Distance |
| RIPv2 multicast addr |
224.0.0.9 every 30s |
| default RIPv2 timeout |
180s |
| NULL0 Interface |
EIGRIP Summarization Interface |
| Local Loop |
The last mile |
| DS0 |
Digital Signal Level 0 = 56K |
| DS1 |
24 DS0s = T1 = 1.544 Mbps |
| DS3 |
28 DS1s = T3 = 44.736 Mbps |
| HDLC |
High Level Data Link Control |
| TDM |
Time Division Multiplexing (no regard for empty packets) |
| STDM |
Statistical-Time Division Multiplexing (empty packets are not sent) |
| Cell Switching |
A variation of Packet Switching, where packets are uniform size |
| SVC |
Switched Virtual Circuit (a circuit is set up in a packet switched network and torn down on demand) |
| PVC |
Permanent Virtual Circuit (permanent circuit in a packet switched network) |
| SONET |
Synchronous Optical Network |
| SDH |
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy |
| POS |
Packet over SONET |
| DWDM |
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing |
| PPP LCP |
Link Control Protocol (establishes point to point links) |
| PPP NCP |
Network Control Protocol (connects the Layer 2 PPP to Layer 3) |
| IPCP |
IP Control Protocol (NCP for IP) |
| IPXCP |
IPX Control Protocol (NCP for IPX) |
| PPP Session steps |
Link Establishment, Authentication, NCP Negotiation |
| PAP |
Password Authentication Protocol |
| CHAP |
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol |
| DLCI |
Data Link Connection Identifier in Frame Relay |
| Inverse ARP |
Maps DLCI number to a remote IP address |
| LMI |
Local Management Interface-signaling standard between DTE and Frame Relay switch |
| CIR |
Comitted Information Rate |
MedTemCP5 Word+Pics
