| Question |
Answer |
| study of organisms to small to be seen without maginification |
microbiology |
| microorganisms include |
bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths(worms), algae |
| study of how the body responds to infection |
immunology |
| scientific study from which health problems are identified, including the source, cause, and mode of transmission of disease. |
epidemiology |
| use of metabolism of microbes for own..breadmaking, gene therapy, drugs, foods, vaccines |
biotechnology |
| the use of human hormones, drugs for our benefit, DNA technology... |
alter genome |
| research microbial organisms that can be experimentally changed and easily manipulated. |
model systems |
| complex bacterial community, bacteria in these communities act differently then when on their own, middle ear inf, cystic fibrosis |
biofilms |
| use of microorganisms to remove or degrade dangerous environmental wastes |
bioremediation |
| easy to grow, little goes a long way, spreads fast and tru air...anthrax, smallpox, plague |
bioterrorism |
| bacteria, no nucleus/organelles, simple and small |
prokaryotes(pre-nucleus/simple cells |
| organisms to small to be seen without maginification |
microbiology |
| microorganisms include |
bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths(worms0, algae |
| study of how the body responds to infection |
immunology |
| scientific study from which health problems are identified, including the source, cause, and mode of transmission of disease. |
epidemiology |
| use of metabolism of microbes for own..breadmaking, gene therapy, drugs, foods, vaccines |
biotechnology |
| the use of human hormones, drugs for our benefit, DNS technology... |
alter genome |
| research microbial organisms that can be experimentally changed and easily manipulated. |
model systems |
| complex bacterial community, bacteria in these communities act differently then when on their own, middle ear inf, cystic fibrosis |
biofilms |
| use of microorganisms to remove or degrade dangerous environmental wastes |
bioremediation |
| easy to grow, little goes a long way, spreads fast and tru air...anthrax, smallpox, plague |
bioterrorism |
| bacteria, no nucleus/organelles, simple and small |
prokaryotes(pre-nucleus/simple cells |
| true nucleus, complex cells, have nucleus and organelles |
eukaryotes |
| noted for describing the cell, made people aware of sm organisms |
robert Hooke 1665 |
| dutch linen merchant, increased quality of microscopy, single lens 300x, father of bacteriology and protozoology, animalcules |
Antonie van leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) |
| ability to enlarge objects |
maginification |
| ability to show detail |
resolving power |
| angle of light passing through convex surface of glass changes |
refraction |
| forms the magnified real image |
objective lens |
| real image is projected to and where it is magnified again to form the virtual image. |
ocular |
| power of objective plus power of ocular |
total magnification |
| resolution defines the capacity to distinquish or separate two adjacent objects |
resolving power |
| live perserved stained specimens darker than surrounding field, most widely used. mag 100-1000x |
bright field-light microscope |
| live unstained specimens surrounded by dark field brightly illuminated. 1000x |
dark field-light microscope |
| subtle changes in light waves passing through pecimen into differences inlight intensity, best for intracellular structures |
phase-contrast-light microscope |
| modified compound microscope with an ultraviolet radiation source and a filter that protects the viewers eye, uses dyes, useful in infections |
flourenscence microscope |
| forms image with beams of electrons, have high power to resolve, wavelength. mag 5000-1000000x |
electron microscope |
| transmit electron through the speciman. dark is thicker areas, light is transparent areas. mag 20 milx |
transmission electron microscope |
| study of particular roles of microbes in food and H2O, spoilage, H2O treatment plants, beer, |
food and dairy microbiology |
| Nutrient production and energy flow |
photosynthesis |
| cycle of nutrients in the ecosystem, sewage treatment |
decomposition |
| New products and genetically modified organisms |
genetic engineering |
| microbe used to find out that DNA is the genetic material of cells |
streptococcus pneumoniae |
| 2000 different microbes cause diseases, 10 bil new inf/yr worldwide, 13 mil death from inf/yr worldwide |
infectious desease/pathogenic microbes |
| SARS,AIDS, Lymes disease, Cholera, TB, West Nile |
emerging/reemerging infectious diseases |
| what percent of all deaths r linked to inf disease? |
40% |
| Scientist that reasoned that flies have reproductive parts. flies on meat = maggots. 1st experiment in biology. |
Redi 1670 |
| Scientists that demonstrated the presence of heat resistant forms of some microbes. Endospores-bact. survive in harsh condi./cysts. |
Tyndall and Kohn |
| Elimination of all life forms including endospores and viruses. |
Sterile/sterility |
| Scientist, 1st epidemiological study, outbreak cholera in lindon due to contaminated water supply. |
Snow 1854 |
| Scientist introduced aseptic techniques, disinfecting hands using phenol prior to surgery, use of heat for sterilization. |
Joseph Lister "Listerene" |
| Scientist isolated bacteria, developed "pure culture" technique, develped medium and observed, indentified anthrax, TB, cholera. |
Robert Koch |
| Koch postulates |
Pure culture= (4 Steps) w/draw from diseased, isolated microbe, inj micro in healthy, w/draw from infected, observed same microbe. |
| Scientist found microbes (yeast) that caused fermentation and spoilage. Used heat to pasturize, kill bacteria. Saved silk industry. |
Louis Pasteur 1822-1895 |
| belief that life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving things. |
Abiogenesis=spontaneous generation |
| altered chemical quality of air, arose from decaying/diseased bodies and inf people. |
miasmas |
| Scientist that debunked spontaneous generation theory. Swan neck flask experiment, tubes. Microbes in air spread disease. |
Louis Pasteur |
| Life comes from living things |
biogenesis |
| What is Koch postulates used for today. |
identifying cause of disease in the infected. |
| A tentative explanation that can be supported or refuted by observation and experimentation. |
hypothesis |
| a hypothesis that is supported by a growing body of eveidence and survives rigorous scrutiny. |
theroy |
| Evidence of a theory that is so compelling. |
law |
| Steps of scientific method |
observe, hypothesis,experiment/contol/variables,data, conclusion |
| Gives microbes 2 names. Genus-noun, species-adjective. |
binomial scientific name |
| how to write a binomial scientific name. |
1st letter cap. the rest underlined of italics. (E. coli) |
| Levels of classification |
Domain(Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya),Kindom(5), Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. |
| A microscopic, unicellular organism, no nuclei, no organelles, do have ribosomes. Bacteria |
Prokaryotic cell |
| A microscopic unicellular/multicellular organism with nucleus and organelles. Plants, animals, protists, fungi |
Eukaryotic cells |
| What are the 5 kingdom classification? |
Monera,Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia |
| 3 domains of Monera. |
Eukarya, Archaea, Eubacteria |
| Bacteria that has a nucleus and organelles |
Eukarya |
| Bacteria can live in extreme environments, high salt, heat |
Archaea |
| True bacteria, peptidoglycan |
Eubacteria or bacteria |
| classification of bacteria based on genetic information. |
phylogenetic |
| two major taxonomic grouups of bacteria |
archaea, bacteria |
Science Vocab 147928
