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mot 125 t
A&P 6&7 diseases 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| bone cells | osteocytes |
| made of calcium salts and collagen | matrix |
| two calcium salts that give bone strength | calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate |
| their function is to regulate the amount of calcium that is deposited in or removed from the bone matrix | oseocytes |
| looks solid is precisely structured. made of osteons or haversian systems | compact bone |
| microscopic cylinders around central haversian canals | haversian systems |
| microscopic channels | canaliculi |
| bone tissue that looks spngy with visible holes and cavities | spongy bone |
| osteocytes matrix and blood vessels are present but are not in haversian systems | spongy bone |
| cavities contain red bone marrow | spongy bone |
| produces red blood cells, platelets, and the five kinds of white blood cells | spongy bone |
| bones of arms, legs,hands, and feet | long bones |
| shaft of long bone | diaphysis |
| ends of long bones | epephyses |
| is hollow and contains the marrow canal which is mostly adipose tissure | diaphysis |
| although this is present in epiphyses of childrens bones it is largely replaced by yellow bone marrow in adult bones | red bone marrow |
| bones of wrists and ankles | short bones |
| ribs, shoulder blades, hip bones, and cranial bones | flat bones |
| vertebrae and facial bones | irregular bones |
| made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone red marrow is found with the spongy bone | short flat and irregular bones |
| provides a smooth surface that covers the joint surfaces | articular cartilage |
| a fibrous connective tissue membrane whose collagen fibers merge with those of the tendons and ligaments that are attached to bone | periosteum |
| anchors tendons and ligaments and contain both the blood vessels that enter the bone itself and the osteoblasts that will become active if the bone is damaged | periosteum |
| during embryonic development the skeleton is first made of what two things that are gradually replaced with bone | cartilage and fibrous connective tissue |
| bone matrix is produced by cells called | osteoblasts |
| production of bone matrix is called | ossification |
| occification begins in a | center of ossification in each bone |
| cranial and facial bones are first made of | fibrous connective tissue |
| what month of fetal development do fibroblasts become more specialized and differentiate into osteoblasts which produce bone matrix | third month |
| fibrous connective tissue between the bones of the skull | fontels |
| the junction of the diaphysis with each epephysis where growth occurs | epiphyseal discs |
| are able to dissolve and reabsorb the minerals of bone matrix | osteoclasts |
| the process where minerals of the bone matrix are dissolved and reabsorbed | resorption |
| factors that affect bone growth and maintenace | heredity, nutrition, hormones, and exercise |
| two divisions of the human skeleton | axial and appendicular |
| forms the axis of the body | axial skeleton |
| supports the appendages or limbs | appendicular skeleton |
| which skeletal division consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage | axial skeleton |
| which skeletal division consists of the bones of the arms and legs and the shoulder and pelvic girdle | appendicular skeleton |
| forms the brain case that encloses and protects the brain, eyes, and ears | cranial bones |
| forms the forehead and anterior part of skull | frontal bone |
| form the posterior top and much of the side walls of the skull | parietal bones |
| one on each side of the skull that contains an external auditory meatus, a middle ear cavity, and an inner ear labrynth | temporal bone |
| forms the lower posterior part of the braincase | occipital bone |
| a large opening for the spinal cord and two condyles on either side of the first cervical vertebrae | occipital bone |
| shaped like a bat visible between the frontal and temporal bones | sphenoid bone |
| has a vertical projection called the crista galli that anchors the cranial meninges | ethmoid bone |
| immovabale joints | sutures |
| any junction of two bones | joint or articulation |
| suture between frontal and parietal bones | coronal suture |
| suture between the parietal and temporal bones | squamosal suture |
| suture between the occipital and parietal bones | lambdoidal suture |
| the only facial bone that is movable | mandible |
| type of joint between the madible and temporal bone | condyloid joint |
| two upper jaw bones also form the anterior portion of the hard palate | maxillae |
| form the bridge of the nose where they articulate with the frontal bone | nasal bones |
| bone at the medial side of each orbit | lacrimal bone |
| contains the lacrimal sac for tears | lacrimal canal |
| forms the point of a cheek | zygomatic bones |
| two bones that are the posterior portion of the hard palate | palantine bones |
| plow shaped bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum | vomer |
| located on either side of the vomer | conchae |
| air cavities located in the maxillae and frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones | paranasal sinuses |
| nasal cavities are lined with this | cilitated epithelium |
| air cavities that are in each of the temporal bones and open into the middle ear | mastoid sinuses |
| malleus, incus, and stapes | auditory bones |
| bones that transfer vibrations from the eardrum to the receptors in the inner ear | malleus, incus, and stapes |
| made of individual bones called vertebrae | vertabral column |
| first cervical vertebrae | atlas |
| second cervical vertebrae | axis |
| permits articulation of the two hip bones | sacrum |
| joints of the hip bones | sacroiliac joints |
| a continuous tunnel that contains the spinal cord and protects it from mechanical injury | vertebral canal |
| vertebrae are separated by these made of fibrous cartilage | discs |
| vertebrae have what type of joints | symphysis joints |
| referred to as hunchbackthoracic curve | kyphosis |
| referred to as swaybackexaggerated lumbar curve | lordosis |
| abnormal lateral curve | scoliosis |
| joints are classified by the | amount of movement possible |
| an immovable joint | synarthrosis |
| slightly movable joint | amphiarthrosis |
| freely movavable joint | diarthrosis |
| category of joint that includes the ball and socketjoint, the pivotal joint, hinge and others | diarthrosis |
| small sacs of synovial fluid between the joint and the tendons that cross over the joint | bursae |
| inflammaiton of a joint | arthritis |
| muscles that have opposing or opposite functions | antagonistic muscles |
| when a muscle contracts it | flexes |
| muscles that work together to perform a particular function | synergistic muscles |
| nerve impulses for movement come from | frontal lobes and the cerebrum |
| located below the occipital lobes of the cerebruuum | cerebellum |
| exercise that involves contraction with movement | isotonic exercise |
| exercise that involves contraction without movement | isometric exercise |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| the shortening of a muscle as it exerts force | concentric contraction |
| lengthening of a muscle as it still exerts force | eccentric contraction |
| an energy transferring molecule | creatine phosphate |
| a nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidneys | creatinine |
| most abundant energy souce in muscle fibers | glycogen |
Created by:
tonja