Drug profiles

Description:	ASA, NITRO, LIDO, O2, BENADRYL
Category:	Paramedic/EMT
Created by:	klindley on 2009-06-17

Question	Answer
Nitroglycerin GENERIC NAME	Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin BRAND NAME	Nitrostat
Nitroglycerin CLASS	Vasodilator
Nitroglycerin MECHANISM OF ACTION	Relaxes vascular smooth muscles, dilating peripheral arteries and veins
Nitroglycerin INDICATIONS	Angina, Myocardial ischemia associated with cocaine intoxication.
Nitroglycerin CONTRAINDICATIONS	Hypotension, severe bradycardia or tachycardia, any ED drugs,
Nitroglycerin ADVERSE REACTIONS	HA, Hypotension, Bradycardia, lightheadedness, flushing
Nitroglycerin INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	Incompatible with other IV drugs.
Nitroglycerin ADULT DOSE/ROUTE	1 Tablet (0.3-0.4mg) or 1 Spray (0.4mg) sublingual every 5 minutes, up to 3 doses.
Nitroglycerin PEDS DOSE/ROUTE	Not recommended
Nitroglycerin ONSET OF ACTION	3 minutes
Nitroglycerin PEAK EFFECTS	10 minutes
Nitroglycerin DURATION OF ACTION	30 minutes
Nitroglycerin AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	1 bottle tablets, 1 bottle spray
Oxygen GENERIC NAME	None
Oxygen BRAND NAME	Oxygen
Oxygen CLASS	Naturally occurring atmospheric gas
Oxygen MECHANISM OF ACTION	Reverses Hypoxemia
Oxygen INDICATIONS	hypoxemia, CP, respiratory insufficiency, carbon monoxide poisoning, decreased tissue oxygenation, decreased LOC.
Oxygen CONTRAINDICATIONS	Hyperventilation.
Oxygen ADVERSE REACTIONS	Retrolental fibroplasia if given in high concentrations to premature infants (maintain 30-40%)
Oxygen NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION	Never with hold
Oxygen INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	None.
Oxygen DOSE/ROUTE Adult and Pediatric	10-15L via NRB, or 2-6L via NC.
Oxygen ONSET OF ACTION	Immediate
Oxygen PEAK EFFECTS	N/A
Oxygen DURATION OF ACTION	2 minutes
Oxygen AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	13 cubic feet
Diphenhydramine GENERIC NAME	Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine BRAND NAME	Benadryl
Diphenhydramine CLASS	Antihistamine; anticholinergic
Diphenhydramine MECHANISM OF ACTION	Blocks cellular histamine receptors; decreases vasodilation; decreases motion sickness.
Diphenhydramine INDICATIONS	allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, acute dystonic reactions (phenothiazines).
Diphenhydramine CONTRAINDICATIONS	Asthma, pregnancy, htn, narrow angle glaucoma, (MAOIs)
Diphenhydramine ADVERSE REACTIONS	Sedation. Hypotension, sz’s, vomiting, palpitations, arrhythmias. NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION
Diphenhydramine DOSE/ROUTE Adult	25-50mg IV, IM, or PO.
Diphenhydramine Pediatric DOSE/ROUTE	1-2 mg/kg IV. IO slowly, or IM. If given PO
Diphenhydramine ONSET OF ACTION	30 minutes
Diphenhydramine PEAK EFFECTS	1 hour
Diphenhydramine DURATION OF ACTION	3-12 hours.
Diphenhydramine AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	50 mg.
Lidocaine GENERIC NAME	Lidocaine Hydrochloride
Lidocaine BRAND NAME	Xylocaine
Lidocaine CLASS	Antiarrhythmic
Lidocaine MECHANISM OF ACTION	Decreases automaticity by slowing the rate of phase 4 depolarization
Lidocaine INDICATIONS	Alternative to amiodarone in cardiac arrest from V-fib/Pulseless V-tach, stable monomorphic V-tach, stable polymorphic V-tach with normal baseline QT interval.
Lidocaine CONTRAINDICATIONS	av blocks, bleeding, thrombocytopenia.
Lidocaine ADVERSE REACTIONS	Slurred speech, seizures, Bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrest, and arrhythmias.
Lidocaine NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION	Exceedingly high doses can result in coma or death.
Lidocaine INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	Metabolic clearance is decreased in patients with liver disease or in patients taking beta blockers.
Lidocaine DOSE/ROUTE Adult cardiac arrest from V-Fib/Pulseless V-tach, Initial dose	1-1.5 mg/kg IV/IO.
Lidocaine DOSE/ROUTE Adult maintenance infusion	1-4 mg/min. Can be diluted in D5W or NS
Lidocaine DOSE/ROUTE Pediatric IV/IO dose	1 mg/kg rapid IV/IO push. Max 100 mg
Lidocaine ONSET OF ACTION	3 minutes
Lidocaine PEAK EFFECTS	10 minutes
Lidocaine DURATION OF ACTION	2 hours
Lidocaine AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	3 prefilled syringes, total of 300 mg , 1g vials or premixed infusion, total of 2g
ASA GENERIC NAME	ASA
ASA BRAND NAME	Aspirin
ASA CLASS	Platelet inhibitor, anti-inflammatory agent
ASA MECHANISM OF ACTION	Prostaglandin inhibition
ASA INDICATIONS	Any symptom suggestive of a MI, Fever, inflammation.
ASA CONTRAINDICATIONS	Hypersensitivity, gi bleed, active ulcer bleed.
ASA ADVERSE REACTIONS	Angioedema, bronchospasm, bleeding, N/V
ASA NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION	Not recommended for peds
ASA INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	Use with caution in patients allergic to NSAID’s
ASA ADULT DOSE/ROUTE	325mg
ASA ONSET OF ACTION	45 minutes
ASA PEAK EFFECTS	Variable
ASA DURATION OF ACTION	Variable
ASA AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	324mg.
Benadryl NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION	Not used in infants or in pregnancy
Benadryl INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	Potentiates effects of alcohol