| Question |
Answer |
| HOW MANY AMERICANS DIE FROM CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EACH YEAR? |
950,000 |
| WHAT IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF PREMATURE, PERMANENT DISABILITY AMONG WORKING ADULTS? |
CORONARY HEART DISEASE |
| NONMODIFIABLE FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE |
HEREDITY, RACE, GENDER, AGE |
| MODIFIABLE FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE |
HIGH BP, ELEVATED SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS, TOBACCO USE, DIABETES, PHYSICAL INACTIVITY, OBESITY, METABOLIC SYNDROME |
| NORMAL BP |
120/80 |
| PREHYPERTENSION |
120-139/80-89 |
| STAGE 1 HIGH BP |
140-159/90-99 |
| STAGE 2 HIGH BP |
GREATER THAN OR = TO 160/100 |
| QUITTING SMOKING REDUCES THE RISK OF HEART DISEASE BY WHAT % AFTER 1 YEAR |
50% |
| STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT EVEN WHAT % REDUCTION IN BODY WEIGHT REDUCES THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY |
10% |
| WHAT IS THE BODY MAX INDEX FORMULA |
WEIGHT IN LBS / HEIGHT IN INCHES * 704.4 |
| CARDIAC CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST |
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (MOST COMMON), DYSRHYTHMIAS, ACUTE MI, VALVULAR HEART DISEASE, CHD, INTRACARDIAC TUMOR |
| NON-CARDIAC CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST |
PULMONARY EMBOLISM, CHOKING, ASPHYXIA, DRUGS, STROKE, HYPOXIA, ALCOHOLISM |
| CHAIN OF SURVIVAL FOR CARDIAC |
EARLY ACCESS, EARLY CPR, EARLY DEFIB, EARLY ACLS |
| COMPONENTS OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT |
RECOGNITION OF SIGNS OF HEART ATTACK, CARDIAC ARREST, STROKE, FBAO, RELIEF OF FBAO, CPR, DEFIB |
| SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS |
V-TACH, V-FIB |
| NON-SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS |
ASYSTOLE, NO PULSE |
| COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED CARDIAC CARE |
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT, ADVANCED AIRWAY MNG, VENTILATION SUPPORT, ECG RECOGNITION, ECG INTERPRETATION, VASCULAR ACCESS AND FLUID RESUSCITATION, DEFIB, SYNCHRONIZED CARDIOVERSION, PACING, MEDS, CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS, STENT INSERTION, ANGIOPLASTY |
| PHASES OF CPR |
ELECTRICAL PHASE (FIRST 5 MIN), CIRCULATORY PHASE (5 MIN TO 10-15 MINS), METABOLIC PHASE (AFTER 10-15MIN) |
| WHEN DO YOU REPEAT THE PRIMARY SURVEY |
CHANGE IN PT'S CONDITION, INTERVENTIONS NOT WORKING, VITALS UNSTABLE, BEFORE ANY PROCEDURES, CHANGE IN RHYTHM |
| WHAT IS SECONDARY SURVEY |
ADANCED AIRWAY, BREATHING, CIRCULATION, DIAGNOSIS, EVALUATE, FACILITATE |
| TYPES OF ADVANCE DIRECTIVES |
LIVING WILL, PATIENT SELF DETERMINATION ACT, DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR HEALTHCARE |
| DEFINE CARDIAC ARREST |
ABSENCE OF CARDIAC MECHANICAL ACTIVITY, NO PULSE, UNRESPONSIVE, ABNEA OR AGONAL BREATHING |
| WHAT DOES THE UPPER AIRWAY CONSIST OF |
NASOPHARYNX, OROPHARYNX, LARYNGOPHARYNX |
| NASAL CANULA LITERS AND FIO2 |
1L=24%2L=28%3L=32%4L=36%5L=40%6L=44% |
| SIMPLE MASK LITERS AND FIO2 |
8-10L & 40%-60% |
| THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ORIGINATES FROM |
RIGHT SIDE OF THE AORTA |
| LEFT CORONARY ARTERY ORIGINATES FROM |
LEFT SIDE OF THE AORTA |
| WHAT IS DEPOLARIZATION |
BEFORE A CONTRACTION, GETTING READY TO CONTRACT, PULSELESS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY |
| POLARIZATION IS |
READY STATE |
| DEPOLARIZATION |
STIMULATION |
| REPOLARIZATION |
RECOVERY |
| THE POSITION OF THE __ ELECTRODE ON THE BODY DETERMINES THE PORTION OF THE HEART "SEEN" BY EACH LEAD |
POSITIVE |
| 3 LEADS THAT LOOK AT THE INFERIOR WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE |
LEADS 2, 3 AND AVF |
| 2 LEADS THAT LOOK AT THE ANTERIOR WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE |
V3 & V4 |
| 4 LEADS THAT LOOK AT THE LATERAL WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE |
LEAD 1, AVL, V5, V6 |
| ___ PLANE LEADS VIEW THE HEART AS IF THE BODY WERE SLICED IN HALF |
HORIZONTAL/TRANSVERSE |
| ECG PAPER... WHAT SIZE ARE SMALL BOXES |
1MM WIDE AND 1MM HIGH |
| ECG PAPER RECORDS AT A SPEED OF |
25MM/SEC |
| EACH HORIZONTAL UNIT REPRESENTS HOW MANY SEC |
.04 SEC OR 1MM |
| A LARGE BOX REPRESENTS |
.20 SEC |
| DEFINE WAVEFORM |
A MOVEMENT AWAY FROM BASELINE EITHER POS OR NEG |
| DEFINE SEGMENT |
A LINE BETWEEN WAVEFORMS |
| DEFINE INTERVAL |
A WAVEFORM AND A SEGMENT |
| DEFINE COMPLEX |
SEVERAL WAVEFORMS |
| WHAT IS A P WAVE |
FIRST WAVE IN CARDIAC CYCLE, ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION, SMOOTH, ROUNDED AND ABOUT 0.11 SEC |
| WHAT IS QRS COMPLEX |
Q IS FIRST AND ALWAYS NEG, R IS POS, S IS NEG, VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION |
| WHAT IS T WAVE |
VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION, UPRIGHT EXCEPT IN LEAD AVR |
| NEGATIVE (INVERTED) T WAVE = |
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA |
| PEAKED T WAVE = |
HYPERKALEMIA |
| LOW AMPLITUDE T WAVES = |
HYPOKALEMIA |
| PR INTERVAL MEASURES |
0.12-0.20 SEC |
| ST SEGMENT REPRESENTS |
EARLY PART OF REPOLARIZATION OF THE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES |
| QT INTERVALS REPRESENTS |
TOTAL VENTRICULAR ACTIVITY |
| QT MEASURES |
0.36-0.44 SEC |
| PROLONGED QT = |
LENGTHENED RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD |
| 3 STEPS TO ASSESS THE RATE ON STRIPS |
6 SEC METHOD, LARGE BOXES, SMALL BOXES |
| STEPS TO ANALYZE A RHYTHM STRIP |
ASSESS THE RATE, ASSESS RHYTHM, EXAMINE P WAVES, ASSESS INTERVALS, OVERALL APPEARANCE, INTERPRET |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF SINUS ARRHYTHMIA |
RATE= 60-100RHYTHM= IRREGULARP WAVES= UNIFORMPR INTERVAL= CONSTANTQRS DURATION= 0.10 SEC OR LESS |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF SINUS TACHY |
RATE= 101-180RHYTHM= REGULARP WAVES= UNIFORMPR INTERVAL= CONSTANTQRS DURATION= 0.10 SEC OR LESS |
| CAUSES OF SINUS TACH |
EXERCISE, FEVER, PAIN, FEAR, HYPOXIA, INFECTION, SHOCK, CAFFEINE, NICOTINE |
| HOW IS ATRIAL TACH DIFFERENT FROM SINUS TACH |
ATRIAL P WAVES DIFFER IN SHAPE |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF ATRIAL TACHY |
RATE=150-250; RHYTHM=REG; P WAVES= DIFFER IN SHAPE; PR INTERVAL=SHORTER OR LONGER, P WAVE MAY BE HIDDEN IN T WAVE; QRS DURATION=0.10 SEC |
| WHAT IS AVNRT |
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODAL REENTRANT TACHYCARDIA |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF AVNRT |
RATE=150-250; RHYTHM=NORM; P WAVES=HIDDEN IN QRS; PR INTERV=NOT MEASURED; QRS DUR=0.10 SEC |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME |
RATE=60-100; |
| HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE WPW |
SHORT PR INTERVAL, DELTA WAVE, WIDENING OF THE QRS |
| WHAT ARE VAGAL MANEUVERS |
METHODS USED TO STIMULATE BARORECEPTORS LOCATED IN THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES AND THE AORTIC ARCH |
| MAT IS MOST OFTEN SEEN IN |
SEVERE COPD, HYPOXIA, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, DIGOXIN TOXICITY, RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE, THEOPHYLLINE TOXICITY, ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES |
| ATRIAL FLUTTER IS |
ECTOPIC, SAW TOOTH |
| CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A-FLUTTER |
HYPOXIA, PULMONARY EMBOLISM, CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE, PNEUMONIA, CARDIAC SURGERY |
| FIRST DEGREE AV BLOCK |
P WAVES CONDUCTED BUT DELAYED |
| SECOND DEGREE AV BLOCK |
SOME P WAVES CONDUCTED |
| THIRD DEGREE AV BLOCK |
NO P WAVES CONDUCTED |
| DEFIB INDICATIONS |
PULSELESS VT, VF, SUSTAINED POLYMORPHIC VT |
| WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT TREATMENTS FOR THE PTS IN CARDIAC ARREST DUE TO PULSELESS VT OR VE |
DEFIB AND CPR |
| ENERGY (JOULES)= |
AMPS * VOLTS * TIME |
| TRANSTHORACIC RESISTANCE IS ALSO KNOWN AS |
IMPEDANCE |
| WHAT FACTORS AFFECT IMPEDANCE |
PADDLE SIZE, POSITION, USE OF CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL, PHASE OF PT'S RESPIRATION, PRESSURE, ENERGY |
| INCREASED RESISTANCE = |
DECREASED CURRENT DELIVERY |
| CRITICAL RESUSCITATION TASKS |
AIRWAY MNG, CHEST COMPRESSIONS, MONITORING AND DEFIB, VASCULAR ACCESS AND MEDS |
| WHAT DO U DO WHEN A "FLAT LINE" IS OBSERVED ON A CARDIAC MONITOR |
MAKE SURE POWER IS ON, CHECK CONNECTIONS, MAKE SURE CORRECT LEAD IS SELECTED, TURN UP ECG SIZE ON MONITOR |
| AED OPERATION |
TURN ON, ATTACH, ANALYZE, DELIVER |
| SYNCHRONIZED CARDIOVERSION INDICATIONS |
UNSTABLE SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHY, UNSTABLE ATRIAL FIB WITH RAPID VENT RESPONSE, UNSTABLE A FLUTTER WITH A RAPID VENT RESPONSE, UNSTABLE WIDE-COMPLEX TACHY, UNSTABLE VT WITH A PULSE |
| DEFIB AND CARDIOVERSION COMPLICATIONS |
SKIN BURNS, RISK OF FIRE, MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE, EMBOLIC EPISODES, DYSRHYTHMIAS, INJURY TO OPERATOR |
| DEFIB AND CARDIOVERSWION POSSIBLE ERRORS |
TREATING THE MONITOR, NOT THE PATIENT, OPERATOR UNFAMILIAR WITH EQUIPMENT, FAILURE TO PROPERLY MAINTAIN EQUIPMENT |
| TRANSCUTANEOUS PACING INDICATIONS |
SYMPTOMATIC BRADY, NARROW QRS THAT DOES NOT RESPOND TO ATROPINE, WIDE QRS BRADY |
| PACEMAKER COMPLICATIONS |
COUGHING, SKIN BURNS, PAIN, TISSUE DAMAGE, |
| FAILURE TO PACE |
FAILS TO DELIVER AN ELECTRICAL STIMULUS OR WHEN IT FAILS TO DELIVER THE CORRECT NUMB OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATIONS PER MIN. |
| FRAILURE TO CAPTURE (PACE) |
INABILITY OF A PACEMAKER STIMULUS TO DEPOLARIZE THE MYOCARDIUM. |
| WHAT FACTORS DO YOU CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING IV SITES |
PURPOSE, AMOUNT AND TYPE OF FLUIDS, DURATION, ACCESSIBILITY, SIVE OF VEIN, EXPERIENCE |
Cardio Block2anatomy
