| Question |
Answer |
| density= |
mass/volume |
| the si units for density are: |
mass or volume |
| ___ for irregular objects if found by water displacement. |
volume |
| ___ (air, water, magma) rises because it is less dense. |
warm |
| ___sinks. |
cold |
| as ___ increases, so does density. |
pressure |
| water is most dense as a ___. |
liquid |
| density=1 |
g/ml |
| a ___ is a prediction about a problem that can be tested. |
hypothesis |
| a variable is a ___ factor in an experiment. |
changeable |
| ___ are factors in an experiment. |
constants |
| any valid scientific theory has passed test designed to ___ it. |
invalidate |
| there can be more than _ explanation for any ___ |
phenomena |
| the altitude of polaris equals your ___ |
latitude |
| latitude lines go ___ but measure north and south of the equator. |
east and west |
| longitude lines go ___ but measure east and west of the prime meridian. |
north and south |
| the closer the contour lines, the ___ the slope. |
steeper |
| contour lines form v's that point ___ of rivers and creeks. |
upstream |
| the earth consists of a ___ inner core, a ___ outer core a ___ mantle, and a thin ___ crust. |
solidliquidcrustrocky |
| the lithosphere is the ___ |
crust |
| ___ crust is thinner, younger, and denser. |
ocean |
| oceanic crust is amde up of ___ rock. |
basaltic |
| ___ ___ move tectonic plates. |
convection currents |
| ___ ___ rises, cools, becomes denser and sinks. |
hot materials |
| convergent boundaries are colliding plates which cause folded or ___ ___ mountainhs, ___ zone (volcanoes, trenches), and ___ faults. |
thrust faultedsubductionreverse |
| divergent boundaries are dividing plates and cause ___, ___, ___, and volcanoes. |
seafloor spreading, mid ocean ridges, rift valleys, volcanoes |
| transform boundaries slide past each other and _ and earthquakes are produced. |
strike slip faults |
| _ can result with any plate movement. |
earthquake |
| _ are not related to plate movement. |
hotspots |
| a fault is a _ or _ in the earths crust where movement has occured. |
breakcrack |
| appalachian mountains are _ mountains. |
folded |
| _ activity is associated with subduction, rifting, or sea floor spreading. |
volcanic |
| an ocean plate will always _ a continental plate because it is _. |
sink underdenser |
| _ seismic stations are needed to find the epicenter of an earthquake. |
3 |
| _ waves travel the fastest and reach the seismic station first. |
p |
| p waves travel through _ and _. |
solids, liquids |
| p waves slow down and _ when they hit the liquid outer core. |
bend |
| _ waves do not travel through liquids. |
s |
| _ is the process that rocks are broken down. (by water, air, and organisms. |
deposition |
| chemical weathering occurs in _, _ climates. |
warmhumid |
| _ weathering occurs in cold climates. (ice wedging) |
mechanical |
| erosion is the process by which earths materials are transported by _, _, or _. |
moving water, gravity, or ice. |
| _ causes all these to happen. |
wind |
| streams and moving water are the major _ of erosion. |
agents |
| _ is the dropping or settling out of sediment. |
deposition |
| high_=high relief areas. high _=low relief areas. |
erosion, deposition |
| large particles settle out _. |
first |
| sediment size from largest to smallest:_, _, _, and _. |
gravel, sand silt, clay |
| as particle size increases, _(the ability to transport water) increases. |
permeability |
| soil evolution starts with the weathering of _. |
bedrock |
| organic material must be present in order to have _. |
soil |
| _ consists of 3 horizons. |
soil profile |
| _-topsoil _-less humus, leaching from a, and _-weathered rock |
a, b , c |
| _ topography has caves and sinkholes produced by acidic groundwater dissolving limestone. |
karst |
| the_province is famous for karst topography. |
valley and ridge |
| ground water layers from the surface down include zone of _, _ table, zone of _ freely. |
aeration, water, saturation |
| an _ is a layer of rock that transports groundwater freely. |
aquifer |
| a spring is an area where the _ reaches the lands surface. |
water table |
| hydrologic or _ cycle includes the processes of evaporatioin, condensation, precipitation and runoff. |
water |
| the _ plain is the flattest area underlain by all types of sediments produced by the erosion of the _ mountains. |
appalachian |
| _ are abundant here. |
fossils |
| the _ is underlain by igneous and metamorphic rocks produced by ancient volcanoes. |
piedmont |
| seperated by a _ from the coastal plain. |
fall line |
| _- oldest in the state. |
blue ridge |
| _- long parallel ridges composed of folded and faulted rocks that occurred during the _ of africa and north america during the paleozoic. |
valley and ridge, collision |
| karst _ and fossils are abundant |
topography |
| _ underlain by sedimentary rocks. |
appalachian |
| _ resources are found here. |
coal |
| a _ is found in nature, is inorganic, solid, with a definite chemical composition and structure. |
mineral |
| mineral properties depend on there _ structure. |
atomic |
| _ are useful and profitable. |
ores |
| igneous rocka re classified by _ and _. |
texture, composition |
| _ rocks are produced by the cooling of magma or lava. |
igneous |
| fast cooling- _-texture includes small grains, glassy, air holes present. |
extrusive |
| _=intrusive- texture includes coarse or large mineral grains. |
slow cooling |
| metamorphic formed by _ and _. |
heat, pressure |
| metamorphic include _ (banded) and _ |
foliated, nonfoliated |
| foliated rocks are _, _, and _. |
gneiss, slate, schist |
| non-foliated include _, and _. |
marble, quartzite |
| _ morphs into marble. |
limestone |
| _ morphs into quartzite |
schist |
| sedimentary rocks form from _, _, or _. |
organic material, rock fragments, chemical precipitation |
| sedimentary rock are found in flat layers or _. |
strata |
| _ are found in these layers. |
fossils |
| sedimentary subclasses include _, _, and _. |
organic, clastic, chemical |
| _ is formed both chemically and organically. |
limestone |
| _ rocks are made of fragments: conglomerate, sandstone, and shale. |
clastic |
| virginia _ include limestone, coal, and gravel. |
resources |
| _ resources can be replaced by nature at a rate close to the rate at which tehy are used, including vegetation, water and soil. |
renewable |
| nonrenewable are renewed very slowly or _. |
not at all |
| the earths water supply is renewable but also _ |
finite |
| a _ is the remains, impression, or other evidence of a former existence of life preserved in _. |
fossil, rock |
| virginias fossils are mostly _ and are from all _ in history. |
marines, eras |
| _ states that the oldest rocks are found on the bottom of strata and the youngest on top of strata. |
law of superposition |
| law of cross-cutting relationships states that an igneous _ is younger than the layers it cuts across. |
intrusion |
| fossils, superposition, and crosscutting are used to determine _. |
relative ages |
| relative ages are placing events in sequence without assigning _ numerical ages. |
exact |
| _ places a numerical age to an event. |
absolute age |
| radioactive decay, or _, if used to determine the absolute age of rocks. |
half life |
| uranium dating is used to find the agess of the _ rocks. |
oldest |
| _ is used to find the ages of human artifacts. |
carbon-14 |
| the earth is about _ years old. |
4.6 billion |
| we have _ hgih tides, and _ low tides each day. |
2, 2 |
| tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the _ and the _. |
earth, moon |
| currents move from _ to _ areas |
warm, cold |
| _ brings cold, nutrient rich water from the bottom of the ocean to the surface. |
upwelling |
| this is rich in _ activity. |
biological |
| estuaries are areas were _ mixes with _. |
freshwater, saltwater |
| _ rises when ice caps melt. |
sea level |
| cyanobacteria were responsible for the first oxygen on _. |
earth |
| presently blue green algae is an important source of _. |
oxygen |
| the ocean is the largest reservoir of _ at the earths surface. |
heat |
| it drives the _ of the earth. |
weather |
| the early atmosphere was mostly _ and very little _. |
co2, o2 |
| the earths atmosphere is _% oxygen,_% nitrogen, and _%trace gases |
21, 78, 1 |
| human activities such as burning _ have increased co2 levels. |
fossil fuels |
| high co2 levels produce the _ effect. |
greenhouse |
| _ are decreasing the ozone levels of the upper atmosphere. |
cfc's |
| areas near the equator recieve the most direct _. |
radiation |
| clouds form when air is at or below it's _ and condensation nuclei are present. |
dew point |
| _ causes deflections of the atmosphere and oceans due to rotation of earth. |
coriolis effect |
| a psychrometer measures _ in the air. |
humidity |
| a barometer measures _. |
air pressure |
| _ are cool and dry: |
highs |
| _ are warm and wet. |
lows |
| _ is due to unequal cooling that causes air pressure differences. |
wind |
| wind _ from high to low. |
blows |
| _ move quickly and produce rain at the front. |
cold front |
| _ move slowly and produce miles and miles of clouds. |
warm front |
| the highest pressure is found at _. |
sea level |
| high pressure moves _ and outward. |
clockwise |
| low pressure moves _ and inward. |
counter clockwise |
| u.s weather is dominated by prevailing _. |
westeries |
| weather moves _ to _. |
west, east |
| _ is june 21 (longest day). |
summer solstice |
| _ is december 21 (shortest day). |
winter solstice |
| solstice is when the sun is at its most _ or _ point. |
northern, southern |
| _ are when the sun is directly over the equator. |
equinox |
| the earth is closer to the sun in the _. |
winter |
| the earth rotates w to e once in _. |
24 hours |
| the earth revolves around the sun once in _. |
365,25 days |
| the earth is the _ planet from the sun. |
3rd |
| the moon has _ because of reflected sunlight and the _ at which we view it. |
phases, angle |
| _ pedulum and _ effect prove the earth rotates. |
faucualts, corriolis |
| _ and seasonal _ prove the earths revolution. |
parallex, constellations |
| two types of planets- _(rocky) and _ (gaseous). |
inner, outer |
| _ are known as dirty snowballs in space and originate in the _ cloud. |
oort |
| comets tail is the result of the _ and points _ from the sun. |
solar winds, away |
| comets _ is the result of the suns radiation. |
coma |
| asteroids are rocky or metallic iron objects with origins between _ and _. |
mars, jupiter |
| au= distance of _ and _. |
earth, sun |
| we measure _ distances in au. |
planet |
| light year is the distance _ travels in a _. |
light, year |
| we measure _ and _ distances with light years. |
star, galaxy |
| _ was the first manned landing on the _. |
apollo II, moon |
| _ was the first man on the moon. |
neil armstrong |
| the big bang explains the origins of the _. |
universe |
| the solar nebulae theory explains that the _ formed from the condensing of our sun or solar nebulae. |
planets |
| ours suns life cycle is _, protostar, _ red giant, white dwarf and black dwarf. |
nebula, yellow main sequence star |
| black holes are a _ of stars. |
death stage |
| we are located in the _, which is a _ galaxy. |
milky way galaxy, spiral |
| the 3 types of galaxies are _, _, and _. |
spiral, elliptical, irregular |
| _ has improved our knowledge and understanding of the universe. |
the hubble space telescope |
| red shifts indicate the universe is _ outward. |
expanding |
| this is used to support the _. |
big bang theory |
| coal evolution from softest to hardest- _, lignite, bituminous, anthracite. |
peat |
| _ are missing rock layers usually a result of erosion. |
unconformities |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
