| Illness |
Symptoms |
Labs |
Agents: Viral |
Agents: Bacterial |
Agents: Parasitic |
| Allergic encephalitis |
|
|
Rare complication of influenza, measles, mumps, immunization against these viruses |
|
|
| Reye's syndrome |
Kids: encephalopathy + liver degeneration; vomiting, lethargy, confusion, seizures, coma, death |
|
Aspirin given to reduce fever implicated |
|
|
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
Acute rapidly progressing paralysis in limb, resp muscles, face, recovery w/in weeks usually |
|
Autoimmune response (cross-reactive myelin antibodies) to influenze, EBV, CMV, vaccines |
|
|
| Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) |
Inflammatory lesions in brain --> fatal |
|
Measles complication several years post-infxn |
|
|
| Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) |
Blindness, dementia, coma, death w/in 6 mo; primarily in immunocompromised PTs |
|
Reactivation of JC (papova)virus --> infects oligodendrocytes + astrocytes |
|
|
| African Sleeping Sickness |
Chancre at site of bite, waves of fever, lymphadenopathy (Winterbottom's sign), cerebral edema, encephalopathy, mental deterioration, drowsiness, seizures, tremor, cachexia, coma, death |
Thin smears blood/lymph aspirate w/Giemsa to ID |
|
|
Trypanosomas gambiense + rhodesiense |
| Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis |
Severe meningitis: brain necrosis + hemorrhage via olfactory nerve, coma, death ~6 days (N.) or more slowly developing (A.) |
CSF aspirate, wet mount: ID amoebae |
|
|
Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba castellani |
| Cysticercosis |
Pronounced cellular reaction to cysticerci in brain: epileptic seizures, death, vision problems |
Eggs + proglottids in stool, X-ray/CT for CNS involvement, eye mass |
|
|
Taenia solium |
| Meningitis |
Headache, fever, neck stiffness, vomiting, photophobia, altered mental status |
CSF: Normal protein + glucose; WBC normal-elevated |
Mumps virus, Enteroviruses (poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus), Herpesviruses (esp HSV-2, HCMV) |
N. meningitidis (esp w. altered mental status), H. influenzae, S. pneumonia, Listeria >50, (E. coli, TB, S. aureus, Strep agalactiae, P. aeruginosa) |
|
| Encephalitis |
Headache, fever, neck stiffness, vomiting, photophobia; may progress to lethargy, confusion, paralysis, seizure, coma, death |
|
Rabies virus, Arboviruses (arthropod-borne), Measles virus, HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, HIV |
|
|
| Toxoplasmosis |
Usually asymptomatic, fever, lymphadenopathy; Serious ds in newborns: still birth, mental retardation, calcification of brain tissue, hydrocephalus, death. Immunocompromised: fulminant encephalitis, retinochoroiditis, death |
Serology: rise in AB titer over time |
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii |
Cardio Block2anatomy
