Drug profiles

Description:	adenosine, mag sulfate, epi, calcium, neo,
Category:	Paramedic/EMT
Created by:	klindley on 2009-05-28

Question	Answer
Epinephrine GENERIC NAME	Epinephrine
Epinephrine BRAND NAME	Adrenalin
Epinephrine CLASS	Sympathomimetic
Epinephrine MECHANISM OF ACTION	Increased BP, HR, and bronchodilates by binding with bothalpha and beta receptors
Epinephrine INDICATIONS	Bronchospasms, Allergic and anaphylactic reactions, and Cardiac arrest.
Epinephrine CONTRAINDICATIONS	Hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, Hypovolemic shock.
Epinephrine ADVERSE REACTIONS	Anxiety, nervousness, tremors, CP, arrhythmias, HTN, N/V, HA
Epinephrine NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION	Pregnancy safety C. May increase myocardial oxygen demand.
Epinephrine INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	Potentiates other sympathomimetics, deactivated by alkaline solutions (i.e. sodium bicarbonate) monamine oxidase inhibitors may potentiate effects.
Epinephrine DOSE/ROUTE, Adult, Mild allergic reactions and asthma	0.3-0.5 mg of 1;1000 SC.
Epinephrine Dose/Route, Adult Anaphylaxis	0.1mg of 1:10,000 iv/io over 5min.
Epinephrine Dose/Route, Ault Cardiac arrest IV/IO dose	1 mg of 1;10,000 every 3-5 minutes during resuscitation. Follow each dose with 20 mL flush and elevate arm for 10-20 secs.
Epinephrine Dose/Route.Pediatric Mild allergic reactions and asthma	0.01 mg/kg of 1;1,000 solution SC.
Epinephrine Dose/Route Pediatric Cardiac arrest	IV/IO dose 0.01 mg/kg of 1;10,000 solution every 3-5 minutes during arrest.
Epinephrine ONSET OF ACTION	Immediate.
Epinephrine PEAK EFFECTS	Minutes.
Epinephrine DURATION OF ACTION	Several minutes.
Epinephrine AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	1:1,000 = 30 mg Multidose Vial.1:10,000 = 5 mg.
Neo-synephrine GENERIC NAME	PHENYLEPHRINE NASAL SPRAY 0.5%
Neo-synephrine BRAND NAME	Neo-synephrine Nasal Spray 0.5%
Neo-synephrine CLASS	Topical vasoconstrictor
Neo-synephrine MECHANISM OF ACTION	Stimulates a receptors in the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa which causes their constriction and thereby decreases the risk of nasal bleeding.
Neo-synephrine INDICATIONS	Facilitation of nasotracheal intubation
Neo-synephrine CONTRAINDICATIONS	Known allergy to medication
Neo-synephrine ADVERSE REACTIONS	Hypertension, palpitations, Tremors
Neo-synephrine NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION	none
Neo-synephrine INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	none
Neo-synephrine DOSE/ROUTE,ADULTS	2-4 sprays in each nostril before attempting tube insertion
Neo-synephrine DOSE/ROUTE Peds	None
Neo-synephrine ONSET OF ACTION	Seconds
Neo-synephrine PEAK EFFECTS	30 minutes
Neo-synephrine DURATION OF ACTION	30minutes to 4 hours
Neo-synephrine AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	1 Bottle
Mag GENERIC NAME	None
Mag BRAND NAME	Magnesium Sulfate
Mag CLASS	Electrolyte
Mag MECHANISM OF ACTION	It controls seizures by blocking peripheral neuromuscular transmission, and is also a peripheral vasodilator and an inhibitor of platelet function.
Mag INDICATIONS	Torsades De Points, arrhythmias associated with hypomagnesemia, Eclampsia, and prophylactically in preeclampsia, and Status Astmaticus
Mag CONTRAINDICATIONS	Heart blocks, GI obstruction, renal impairment.
Mag ADVERSE REACTIONS	facial flushing, diaphoresis, hypotension, hypothermia, weakness, muscle paralysis, and cardiac, cns, and respiratory depression
Mag NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION	Pregnancy category B. Recommended that this drug not be given in the 2 hours before delivery, if possible.
Mag INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	May enhance the effects of other CNS depressants
Mag DOSE/ROUTE Adult, Seizure activity associated with pregnancy	1-4g IV/IO over 3 minutes. Maximum dose of 40g per day.
Mag DOSE/ROUTE Adult, Cardiac arrest due to hypomagnesemia or torsade de pointes	1-2g diluted in 10ml of D5W IV/IO over 5-20 minutes.
Mag DOSE/ROUTE Adult, Torsade de pointes with a pulse or AMI with Hypomagnesemia	Loading dose of 1-2g mixed in 50-100 ml in D5W over 5-60 minutes IVZ.
Mag DOSE/ROUTE Pediatric, IV/IO infusion	25-50 mg/kg (max dose 2g) over 10-20 minutes. Faster for torsade de pointes.
Mag DOSE/ROUTE Pediatric, for asthma	25-50mg/kg over 10-20 minutes. Max dose 2g
Mag ONSET OF ACTION	IV/IO immediate. IM 3-4 hours.
Mag PEAK EFFECTS	N/A
Mag DURATION OF ACTION	30 minutes IV/IO, 3-4 hours
Mag IM AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	5g.
Calcium Chloride GENERIC NAME	none
Calcium Chloride BRAND NAME	Calcium Chloride
Calcium Chloride CLASS	Electrolyte
Calcium Chloride MECHANISM OF ACTION	Increases cardiac contractile state (positive inotropic effect)
Calcium Chloride INDICATIONS	1. Hypoglycemia 2. Hyperkalemia 3. Magnesium sulfate overdose 4. Calcium channel blocker overdose
Calcium Chloride CONTRAINDICATIONS	1. Hypercalcemia 2. V-fib 3. Digitalis toxicity
Calcium Chloride ADVERSE REACTIONS	1. Bradycardia, 2. Asystole. 3. Hypotension 4.Peripheral Vasodilation. 5. Local necrosis. 6. Nausea and Vomiting.
Calcium Chloride NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION	Pregnancy safety C.
Calcium Chloride INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	May worsen arrhythmias secondary to digitalis toxicity. May antagonize the effects of verapamil.
Calcium Chloride DOSE/ROUTE Adult	500-1000mg (5-10 ml of a 10% solution) IV/IO May be repeated as needed.
Calcium Chloride DOSE/ROUTE Pediatric	20mg/kg slow IV/IO push. Maximum 1 gram dose. May be repeated in 10 minutes.
Calcium Chloride ONSET OF ACTION	3-5 minutes
Calcium Chloride PEAK EFFECTS	5-15 minutes.
Calcium Chloride DURATION OF ACTION	4 hours (dose dependent).
Calcium Chloride AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	1 Gram
Adenosine GENERIC NAME	Adenosine
Adenosine BRAND NAME	Adenocard
Adenosine CLASS	Endogenous nucleotide
Adenosine MECHANISM OF ACTION	Slows conduction of the electrical impulses at the AV node
Adenosine INDICATIONS	Stable reentry SVT
Adenosine CONTRAINDICATIONS	Sick sinus syndrome, second or third degree heart block, Poison or drug induced tachycardia.
Adenosine ADVERSE REACTIONS	Sense of impending doom, flushing, chest pressure, throat tightness, Numbness, may cause a brief episode of Asystole after administration
Adenosine NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION	Pregnancy category C. Short half life
Adenosine INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS	May cause Bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients, Tegretol may block the effects of adenosine.
Adenosine DOSE/ROUTEAdult	6mg over 1-3 seconds followed by a 20ml saline flush. If no response after 1-2 minutes repeat with a dose of 12mg over 1-3 seconds. If no change repeat 12mg over 1-3 sec. Total dose 30mg.
Adenosine DOSE/ROUTE Peds.	0.1-0.2 mg/kg rapid IV. Max single dose 12mg.
Adenosine ONSET OF ACTION	seconds
Adenosine PEAK EFFECTS	seconds
Adenosine DURATION OF ACTION	12 seconds
Adenosine AZ DRUG BOX SUPPLY RANGE	30mg