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rhythm interpretatio
EKG
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SA node rate | 60-100 |
| AV node rate | 40-60 |
| Purkinje fiber/BB rate | 20-40 |
| 6 second strip method works with | irregular rhythms |
| large box method works with | regular rhythms |
| small box method works with | regular rhythms |
| The Q wave is the first + or - deflection after the P wave | negative |
| The R wave is the + or - deflection after the Q wave | positive |
| The S wave is the + of - deflection after the R wave | negative |
| Normal QRS duration | 0.04-0.10 seconds (1.5-3 small boxes) |
| If QRS duration is greater than 0.12 seconds this means problem with | conduction w/i the ventricles |
| Normal PR interval is | 0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 small boxes) |
| QT interval varies with | HR |
| Automaticity is the ability to | depolarize w/o external stimulation |
| Altered automaticity depression of sponateous discharge cycle is caused by | caused by increased parasympathetic stimulation, hypothermia, hypokalemia |
| Abnormal automaticity due to non-pacemaker myocardial tissue begins to spontaneously depolarize & stimulate surrounding tissue causing "premature beats" or "irritability" is caused by | injury & ischemia, stretching of the myocardium (i.e. volume overload), hypoxia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesium |
| Conductivity is the | ability to trasmit an electrical impulse/stimulus to adjoining cells |
| Altered conductivity refers to the interruptions or blocks of normal conduction caused by | chronic fibrotic changes w/ aging, valvular disease, acute ischemia |
| Re-entry is when a single impulse depolarizing the same tissue more than once this can cause rapid HR & premature beats this is caused by | conduction can occur antegrade (forward) or retograde (backwards) & all tissues will not repolarize @ the sametime |
| Decreased HR results in | decreased CO |
| Increased HR results in | decreased CO |
| Premature Beats results in | decreased SV |
| Loss of AV synchrony results in | loss atrial kick/contribution to SV(30% of SV) |
| S&S of decreased CO | SOB,CP, syncope, dizziness, pallor, hypotension, diaphoresis, nausea, decreased UOP, anxiety, |
| Sinus Rhythm | 60-100, regular rhythm, p wave looks normal & alike, PR interval normal & consistent, QRS normal & consistent, ST & T waves normal |
| Sinus Arrhythmia | rate 60-100 rate accelerates & slows with respirations, irregular rhythm, P waves normal & alike, PR interval normal & consistent, QRS normal & consistent, ST & T waves normal causes due to variable response to vagus nerve, & due to slower HR |
| Sinus Tachycardia | Rate 100-150, regular rhythm, P wave normal & alike, QRS normal & consistent, ST & T wave normal unless HR fast enough to cause P to fuse w/ T wave causing distortion |
| S&S possible seen w/ sinus tachycardia | palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, increase in workload, increase O2 demand, pay close attention to MI may result in CP, dysrhythmias, HF |
| Causes of Sinus Tachycardia | increase metabolic demand(i.e. fever, exercise, pain), fright, fear, anxiety, drugs, attempts to compensate for decreased BF (i.e. shock, CHF, hemorrhage) |
| Sinus Bradycardia | Rate less than 60, rhythm regular, P wave alike & consistent, PR interval normal, QRS normal ST & T wave normal |
| Causes of Sinus Bradycardia | normal in young adults or vigorous athletes w/ strong parasympathetic tone, severe brady < 30 can compromise CO |
| Severe Sinus Bradycardia (<30)S&S | hypotension, syncope, dizziness, angina, formation of ectopic impulses |
| Intraventricular Conduction defect | Rate is regular, regular rhythm, P waves alike & consitent, PR interval normal, QRS duration > 0.12, ST & T wave normal |
| Sinus Pause |
Created by:
tauvia2003