| Question |
Answer |
| In A.D. 481, this brutal and wily warrior became king of the Franks. |
Clovis |
| In A.D. 752, with the backing of nobles and church officials, this son of Charles Martel became king of the Franks. The pope anointed (put holy oil on) him making him a divinely chosen ruler in the eyes of the people. |
Pepin the Short |
| He nearly doubled the borders of his kingdom to include Germany, France, northern Spain, and most of Italy. His enlarged domain became known as the Frankish Empire. |
Charlemagne |
| This new political system which developed in western Europe stressed alliances of mutual protection between monarchs and nobles of varying degrees of power |
Feudalism |
| Ties between a lord and a vassal were made official in a solemn ceremony known as |
Homage |
| By the Middle Ages, European economic life centered around a system of agricultural procution; it provided lords and peasants with food, shelter, and production |
Manorialism |
| This pope founded a monastery in Monte Cassio Italy in A.D. 529. His monastery became a model for monks in other communities. He drew up a list of rules that provided for manual work, meditation, and prayer. |
Pope Benedict |
| Pope Gregory VII believed that the popoe should have complete jurisdiction over all church officials. He especially criticized a specific pracitce in which secular rulers gave the symbols of office |
Lay Investiture |
| The title of a monastery head was known as |
Abbot |
| He united the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and defeated the Danes in A.D. 886. His kingdom eventually became known as "Angleland," or England |
Alfred the Great |
| A common law, a grad jury, and a petit jury were established to enforce the law throughout the land. Who established this? |
Henry II |
| In order to place clear limits on royal power this document was put forth to prevent the king from collecting taxes without the concent of the Great Council |
Magna Carta |
| Who were the people to go on a series of military expeditions to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims |
The Crusaders |
| In A.D. 1095 this man mounted a platform outside the church at Clermont, France asking for a volunteer army to take Jerusalem and Palestine from the Seljuk Turks |
Pope Urban II |
| During the A.D. 1100s, merchants and artisans organized themselves into business associations called what? |
Guilds |
| Who was the most important thinker in the A.D. 1200s |
Thomas Aquinas |
| In 1429, this woman appeared at the court of France's King Charles VII, telling him that heavenly voices had called her to save France |
Joan of Arc |
| He was the first Tutor King |
Henry VII |
| During the early A.D. 1300s, the papacy came under the influence of the French monarchy. In A.D. 1305 a French archbishop was elected, a few yeares later he decided to move his court from Rome to Avignon |
Pope Clement V |
| He was a scholar at England's Oxford University, criticized the Church's wealth, corruption among the clergy, and the pope's claim to absolute authority |
John Wycliffe |
| This movement focused on secular, or worldy themes rather than on the religious ideas that had concerned medieval thinkers |
Humanism |
| He wrote the book "The Prince", which analyzed the politics of Renaissance Italy |
Nicoli Machavelli |
| This wealthy man ruled Flourence from 1469 to 1492. He used his wealth to support artists, philosophers, and writers and sponsored public festivals. He later became known as the "the Magnificent" |
Lorenzo de' Medici |
| This German monk started the Protestant Reformation |
Martin Luther |
| The church was selling possessions; they were issued certificates by the Church |
Sales of Indulgences |
| Martin Luther nailed on the door of the Wittenberg Church a placard criticizing indulgences and other church policies on October 31, 1517 |
95 Theses |
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