| Question |
Answer |
| secretes onto body surfaces |
exocrine |
| secretes into the bloodstream |
endocrine |
| gland that regulates sleep patterns |
pineal gland |
| hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla |
epi and norepi |
| lays down calcium |
calcitonin |
| produced by the C cells of the thyroid gland |
calcitonin |
| hormone that causes another hormone to be released |
releasing hormones |
| are releasing hormones trophic or atrophic |
trophic |
| hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland |
GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, TSH |
| hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland |
ADH, OT |
| moves glucose into cells from blood |
insulin |
| these veins are the stalks of the pituitary gland |
hypophyseal portal veins |
| problem with insulin production |
diabetes mellitus |
| ENDOCRINE hormones secreted by the pancreas |
insulin, glucogon, SS |
| hormones secreted by the hypothalamus |
CRH, GHRH, TRH |
| what kind of hormones does the hypothalamus secrete |
releasing hormones |
| causes mental sluggishess, extreme weight gain |
hypothyroidism |
| another name for hypothyroidism |
myxedema |
| causes extreme weigh loss and jitteriness |
hyperthyroidism |
| the layers of the adrenal cortex |
zona glomerulosa, zona fasiculata, zona reticularis |
| hormone secreted by the zona glomerulosa |
MC |
| hormone secreted by the zona fasiculata |
GC |
| hormone secreted by the zona reticularis |
androgen |
| name for hormones secreted by the thymus gland |
thymosins |
| main function of the pancreas |
regulates glucose |
| triiodothryronine |
released by thyroid, controls metabolism |
| prostaglandins |
travels to nearby tissues and relaxes smooth muscles |
| what is required by the thyroid gland to remain at a small size |
iodine |
| hormones released by the thyoid gland |
T3, T4 |
| what is systolic pressure |
pressure when contracted |
| what is the timing relationship between atrial contraction/relaxation and ventricular contraction/relaxation |
they contract/relax at opposite times |
| give the valves of the heart |
bicuspid |
| list the pathway of the cardiac conduction system |
SA node -> AV node -> AV bundle -> purkinje fibers |
| path of blood through the heart |
right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary artery > pulmonary vein > left ventricle > left atrium > aorta |
| what is the SA node |
pacemaker of the heart |
| what does the vagus nerve do when involved in heart action |
slows down the heart |
| what is the purpose of chordae tendinae |
holds valves open/closed |
| EKC patterns |
P wave, QRS wave, T wave |
| Sterling's Law |
the farther a cardial muscle fiber is stretched, the greater force it will rebound with |
| what is the parietal pericardium |
membrane around the percardial cavity |
| comparison in blood volume of arteries and veins |
veins hold much more blood |
| layers of the heart |
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| in capillaries, _____ wins on the arteriole end, but _____ wins on the venule end |
hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure |
| capillary wall structure |
simple squamous epithelium |
| branches of the aorta |
subclavian, brachiocephalic |
| what factors affect blood pressure |
volume, heart action, viscosity, peripheral resistance |
| what is distalic pressure |
pressure during relaxation |
| celiac artery provides blood to what organs |
digestive organs |
| the major blood vessel to intestine |
messentary |
| carotid arteries go to the... |
head |
| what are the common iliac arteries |
branches at the bottom of the aorta |
| pulmonary arteries go to the... |
lungs |
| coronary arteries go to the... |
myocardium (heart muscle) |
| what effects do norepi and acetylcholine have on the SA node and in turn the heart |
norepi speeds it up, ACH slows it down |
| what is hemostasis |
blood clotting |
| serum vs plasma |
serum - does not have clotting factors |
| plasma constituents |
watrer, blood cells, CO2, O2, amino acids, proteins, etc. |
| RBC characteristics |
donut without a hole, filled with hemoglobin |
| how long do RBCs live |
120 days |
| what is carbohemoglobin |
CO2 + hemoglobin |
| how do blood clots form |
platelets form platelet plug, prothrombin converts to thrombin and causes fibrinogen to convert to fibrin |
| what is pernicious anemia |
not enough vitamin B12 |
| blood component & %s |
formed-45% plasma-55% |
| what is iron-deficiency anemia |
not enough iron and in turn not enough hemoglobin |
| what is used in the production of hemoglobin |
iron |
| which is the most abundant in blood, neutrophils or lymphocytes |
neutrophils |
| what is oxyhemoglobin |
oxygen + hemoglobin |
| what is deoxyhemoglobin |
hemoglobin w/o oxygen |
| what is the average number of RBCs in blood |
5 million |
| what is the average number of WBCs in blood |
5000 - 10000 |
| what is the average number of platelets in blood |
130000 - 360000 |
| what is leukopenia |
to few WBCs |
| what is leukocytosis |
to many WBCs |
| what are the three types of granulocytes (WBCs) |
neutrophils, eosinophils,basophils |
| what are the two types of agranulocytes (WBCs) |
lymphocytes, monocytes |
| what does fibrinogen do |
turns into fibrin in blood clot formation to create a clot |
| what do glomaglobulins do |
form antibodies |
| what do albumins do |
holds water |
| what do agglutinogens and agglutinins do in blood |
form antigens and antibodies |
| what are the only phagocytic WBCs |
neutrophils and monocytes |
| what are the layers of the GI tract |
mucousa, submucousa, muscularis, serosa |
| what does salivary amylase break down |
carbohydrates |
| what does pepsin break down |
protein in the stomach |
| what does gastrin cause in the stomach |
causes glands to secrete |
| what is contained in the tooth root |
blood vessels and nerves |
| what is tthe first part of the small intestine called |
duodenum |
| what is the main digestive function of the pancreas |
to release enzymes that break down all types of foods |
| what are plica and villi |
folds in intestinal wall/ stuff in small intestine |
| what is "heartburn" |
acid regurgitation |
| name functions of the liver |
makes bile, breaks down stuff, stores glycogen, etc |
| what are the hepatic ducts |
ducts in the liver |
| what is in bile |
biliverdin, bilirubin, cholesterol, bile salts |
| what are the three parts of the small intestine |
duodenum, jujunum, illium |
| what is intrinsic factor |
amount of vitamin B12 |
| what is the ileocecal valve |
valve between the small intestine and the large intestine |
| where is the cardiac sphincter |
bottom of the esophagus |
| what are the parts of the large intestine |
ascending, transcending, descending, sigmoid |
| what are the end products of fat digestion |
glycerol, fatty acids |
Biology Lab Midterm
