Caroline

Description:	Ch. 20 burns
Category:	Paramedic/EMT
Created by:	klindley on 2009-05-15

Question	Answer
~ _____% of all civillian fire related deaths occur in residential constructions	82%
Who is at particularly high risk of dying in fires	children younger then 5 and alderly people
the skin is also known as what	The integument system
what is the largest and one of the most complex organs of the body	the skin
the epidermis itself is made up of how many layers	4
When the outermost layer of dead cells shed from the skin, is referred to as	desquamation
what blood vessels serve a crucial role in regulating body temperature by regulating the volume of blood that flows from the core to the surface	Cutaneous blood vessels
what is the average volume of sweat lost in a 24 hour period of normal conditions	500-1000cc
Closely monitoring what in burn patients may indicate airway burns	nasal hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes
at the neck of each hair follicle is a subacious gland that produces what	sebum
sebum is believed to do what	keep the skin supple so it doesn't dry out and crack
when sebaceous glands become block a hard ______ forms	comedo
occular damage is a common result of ______ injury.	alkali
the ______ the ______ of the substance the more severe the damage to the eye	higher, base
What burn is sometimes called trauma by fire	thermal burn
Most commonly a thermal burn is caused open flame, resulting in what kind of burn	flame burn
hot liquids produce what type of burn	scald burn
~ how many scald burns result anually form spilled food and beverages.	100,000
Coming in contact with hot objects causes what type of burn	contact burn
what type of burn can produce a topical burn	steam burn
what is notorious for causing airway burns	steam
Inhalation of hot gases may cause what	supraglottic
A flash burn is caused by what	the flash of an explosion
burn shock occurs because of 2 types of injuries, what are they	fluid loss across damaged skin, and a series of volume shifts within the rest of the body
application of what may help to reduce some minor edema in airway burns	cool mist
Heat inhilation may produce what	laryngospasm, and bronchospasm in the lower airway
What should be considered whenever a group of people in the same place all complain of nausea, or ha	carbon monoxide poisoning
CO binds to the receptor sites of hemaglobin how many more times then O2	250
There are 6 different kinds of chemical burns. What are they	reduction, oxidation, corrosion, protoplasmic poisons, desecration, and vesication
in a reduction chemical burn, what happens	protein denaturation following exposure to a reducing agent
in a Oxidation chemical burn, what happens	a chemical inserts oxygen, sulfur or a halagon
in a Corrosion chemical burn, what happens	Chemicals corrode the skin and cause protein denaturation
in a Protoplasmic poison chemical burn, what happens	chemicals that form esters with proteins or that bind or inhibit the inorganic ions needed for the bodys normal functions
in a Desecration chemical burn, what happens	Desiccants that damage the body by extracting water from tissues
in a vesication chemical burn, what happens	Vesicants rapidly produce cutaneous blisters and typically are referred to as chemical warfar agents
Their are three different classifications for electrical burns. Define each	The most common is the type I and is a contact burn. The type II is an arch burn caused by a flash. The third is a flame burn caused by electricity ignighting a persons clothing or surroundings
What are the two most common causes of death from electrical injury	Asphyxia, and cardia arrest
When might asphyxia occur during an electrical injury	when prolonged contact induces tetanic contractions of the respiratory muscles, or the shock wipes out the respiratory center in the brain
Severe tetanic muscle spasms can cause what	bone fractures
What are the 2 common cardiac dysrrhythmias from electrical injuries	a-fib and a-flutter
Lightnings energy can reach how many volts and amps	100 million volts and 200,000 amps
In radiation their are 3 different types, name them	alpha, betta, and gamma
With alpha radiation what will stop the wave	the skin
in betta radiation what will stop the wave	the proper protective clothing
gamma radiation will be stopped by what	nothing. it easily passes through the skin and solid objects
Mild radiation sickness can be expected with exposures of what	1-2 Gy
Moderate radiation sickness can be expected with exposures of what	2-5 Gy
What radiation amount can be immediately fatal	8 GY
What can cause hematologic, CNS, and GI changes	acute radiation syndrome
A surgical cut through burned tissue to allow for swelling and advanced fluid management is referred to as	escharotomy
If bits of smoldering cloth adhere to the skin, what should you do	not pull it off, but instead cut it away
Combative patients suspected of burns should be considered what untill proven otherwise	HYPOXIC
Anyone suspected of having a burn to the upper airway may benefit from	hummidified, cool oxygen
burn shock typically occurs how long after the burn	6-8 HOURS
the central area of the skin that suffers the most damage from a burn is called	zone of coagulation
the peripheral area surrounding the zone of coagulation is known as what	zone of stasis
the area that is least affected by the burn is known as	zone of hyperemia
a 1st degree burn is a _______ and involves	superficial burn, the epidermis only.
a 2nd degree burn is a ________ and involves	partial thickness burn, the epidermis and varying degrees of the dermis
a 3rd degree burn is a ________ and involves	full thickness burn, envolves both layers and the basement membrane
WHat should you check and document in burned extremities often	distal pulses
what is the parkland formula	4MLxKGx% of body surface burned
In the perkland formula how much of that should be given in the first 8 hours	HALF
why should you never apply ice to a burn	it can exacerbate the tissue injury
a burned extremity should have what done to minimize edema	elevate
alkali burns caused by lime become what when combined with water	become very corrosive
what type of burn should be covered with oil	a sodium metal burn, because when mixed with water produce considerable heat and may explode
Hydrofloric acid burns that exceed ___ - ____ % of the body can be fatal	3-5%
what is the fifth leading cause of death in the work place	electrocution
when voltage is low current follows what	pathe of least resistance
when voltage is high current follows	the shortest path
AC or DC current is most likely to induce V-fib	AC
radiation injury follows what	the inverse square law
the reliable waking rate in children less then 15 may be as low as	6%
why might children, and elderly suffering from burns require glucose	they have poor glycogen stores
~ ______ older adults die of fire related causes each year, making it the ____ leading cause of death in this population	1200, 6th
In elderly patients being treated for burn injuries should be monitored for what during fluid resuscitation	pulmonary edema
People with major burn injuries average how many days in the hospital for how much TBSA burned	1 day for 1% TBSA