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Stack #240023
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Seizures is the | uncontrolled rapid & repeated depolarization of neurons in the cerebral cortex which causes interference to normal brain functions |
| Epilepsy ia chronic disorder | recurrence can be over min, hours, days, weeks, months |
| Causes of seizures | structural changes, CVA, medication, metabolic factors, triggering events, idiopathic |
| 3 Phases of seizures | preictal, ictal, postictal |
| Preictal phase of seizures | the seizure may be started by a trigger &/or proceded by an aura |
| Ictal phase of seizures | begins in the cerebral cortex, increase metabolic demand for O2 & glucose, cerebral blood flow forced to increase or results in anaerobic metabolism, increased cellular lactate production |
| Postictal phase of seizures | has decreased responsiveness, feels fatigued, may not remember having a seizure |
| 3 types of partial seizures | simple(no impairments to consciousness, pt is awake), complex (consciosness impaired), evolving (partial that progresses to generalized) |
| 6 types of generalized seizures | absence, myoclonic, cloni, tonic, toni-clonic, atonic |
| Generalized absence seizure | staring into space |
| generalized myoclonic seizures | spastic jerks |
| generalized clonic seizures | rhythmic repetitive bilateral extremities movements |
| generalized tonic seizures | muscles contract |
| generalized tonic-clonic seizures (most common) | contractions, flexion, bowel/bladder incontinence |
| generalized atonic seizure | drop seizure, total lose of muscles |
| What is status epilepticus | seizure activity/neuronal firing is self-limiting & sometimes does not stop, x> 5 minutes, 2+ seizures with no recovery phase, emergency |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain including the cortex & meninges, brain swells & has nowhere to go ICP increases |
| symptoms of encephalitis | fever, increase WBC, ha, seizures, meningeal irritation( stiff neck), photophobia, changes of LOC, behavioral changes, motor changes, focal neurological defects |
| Encephalitis is diagnosed via | CT scan, MRI, EEG, LP, brain biopsy |
| Treatment of encephalitis | antiviral (herpes zosters), rapid ID of bug, right medication |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges(dura, subarachnoid, pia mater), usually caused by bacterial, viral, fungal can result in encephalitis due to infection into brain & around spinal cord |
| If patient has a positive Babinski or Kernig sign | indicative of meningitis |
| CN disfuntion with meningitis are | CNIII,IV,VI ocular palsies, CN VII facial paresis, CN VIII hearling loss & dizziness |
| Meningitis is diagnosed via | LP, CSF analysis, xyay, CT, MRI |
| Treatment of meningitis | ATB therapy, safety, watch for neuro deterioration, nutrition, pain medication for HA, isolation precautions |
| Brain abscess is a localized collection of | purulent material caused by an infection that extends into the cerebral tissue, carried through the body, space occupying tumor, |
| Brain abscess symptoms | fever, chills, HA, increased ICP, focal deficits |
| Brain abscess ID | ID bug, CT scan, LP, MRI |
| Brain abscess treatment | treat preexisting condition, ICP monitoring, sx or obtain biopsy, drain, remove capsule |
| TBI mechanism of injury | blunt (accelerated/decelerated, rotational, compression) & penetrating |
| TBI due to blunt | brain striking against skull causes displacement of the brains's protective spinal fluid |
| TBI due to penetration | the bone is broken through and there is contact with brain |
| Primary brain injury is the | initial injury to the brain i.e. blunt injury, penetration |
| Secondary brain injury is the | injuries resulting from initial injury i.e. trauma, hemorrhage, ischemic event |
| Brain tumors primary & secondary | primary comes from the tissue, secondary comes from metastasize from other areas of the body |
| Brain tumors are diagnosis via | CT scan, MRI, |
| Postop care of brain tumor patient | neuro checks frequent, symptom control nausea, pain, avoid increasing ICP, monitor DI, support fluids |
Created by:
tauvia2003