| Question |
Answer |
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water |
10% Aqueous formalin |
| Hypotonic |
10% Aqueous formalin |
| May produce formalin pigments |
10% Aqueous formalin |
| 37-40% formaldehyde, calcium chloride, distilled water |
Calcium formalin |
| REcommended to fix and preserve phospholipids |
Calcium formalin |
| 37-40% formaldehyde, ammonium bromide, distilled water |
Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| acid in nature |
Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| Recommeded for tissue of the CNS especially for the Cajal stain |
Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| Lyses RBC's |
Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| causes nuclei to give a positive schiff's reaction due to the feulgen hydrolysis fixation |
Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, Sodium acetate, distilled water |
Acetate Formalin |
| This is one of the better formaldehyde solutions to use if one does not want to use a buffered reagent |
Acetate Formalin |
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water, calcium or magnesium carbonate |
10% Neutralized formalin |
| Solution becomes acidic after withdrawal from the storage bottle |
10% Neutralized formalin |
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water, sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic |
10% Neutral Buffered formalin |
| Recommended for routine formalin fixation |
10% Neutral Buffered formalin |
| Hypotonic |
10% Neutral Buffered formalin |
| pH is approximately 6.8 |
10% Neutral Buffered formalin |
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water, sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium hydroxide |
Modified millonig formalin |
| Isotonic |
Modified millonig formalin |
| pH is around 7.2-7.4 |
Modified millonig formalin |
| has a dual purpose it can alsco act as a fixative for electron microscopy |
Modified millonig formalin |
| Less cellular elements are extracted making paraffin sectioning more difficult |
Modified millonig formalin |
| 37-40% formaldehyde, absolute ethyl alcohol, distilled water |
Alcoholic formalin |
| useful as a fixative on tissue processorsbecause it also begins dehydrating tissue |
Alcoholic formalin |
| Sodium phsophate monobasic, sodium hydroxide, distilled water, gluteraldehyde |
Gluteraldehyde |
| Make up before using |
Gluteraldehyde |
| Most frequently used as a fixative for electronmicroscopy as prolonged fixation hardens tissues (two hours or less) |
Gluteraldehyde |
| is an aldehyde like formalin but it is a dialdehyde |
Gluteraldehyde |
| One aldehyde group cross links proteins, while the othere remains free to react with schiffs reagent |
Gluteraldehyde |
| preserves ultrastructure better than aldehydes |
Gluteraldehyde |
| Tissues fixed with gluteraldehyde can not be used in stains that use schiff's reagent |
Gluteraldehyde |
| very corossive and all contact with metallic objects must be avoided |
Mercuric chloride |
| is not used alone but is used in compound fixative bcuz it is a very powerful protein coagulant and enhances staining by leaving the tissue very receptive to dyes |
Mercuric chloride |
| Its presence in tissue inhibits freezing so frozen sections are difficult |
Mercuric chloride |
| fixation pigments cant be prevented when using mercury but it can be removed |
Mercuric chloride |
| bcuz of hazards associated with it mercury has been replaced by zinc |
Mercuric chloride |
| additive fixative |
Osmium tetroxide |
| not routinely used in histopathology |
Osmium tetroxide |
| primarily used to post fix specimens for electron microscopy to ensure preservation of lipids |
Osmium tetroxide |
| can fix a small amount of fat so that the fat will be maintained during paraffin processing |
Osmium tetroxide |
| only substance that is used as a fixative and a stain |
Picric acid |
| coagulant fixative |
Picric acid |
| strong enough acid to hydrolyze nucleic acid thereforeit can not be used to perform DNA and RNA stains |
Picric acid |
| not a fixative of lipids or carbs |
Picric acid |
| decalcify tissue with small calcium deposits such as breast |
Picric acid |
| constituent of fixative for glycogen |
Picric acid |
| wash out picric acid with 50% alcohol before processing |
Picric acid |
| rarely used alone for fixation |
Potassium dichromate |
| noncoagulant unless used in an acid solution, then it will act like chromic acid which is a coagulant |
Potassium dichromate |
| chromium will attach to some lipids rendering them inslouble but it does not preserve them |
Potassium dichromate |
| Preserves mitochondria but dissolves DNA |
Potassium dichromate |
| chromate pigments can form but can be reduced by treating with an acidic alcohol solution |
Potassium dichromate |
| have replaced mercury bcuz of its associated hazards |
Zinc Salts |
| preserves tissue antigenicity, making digestion procedures unncessary |
Zinc Salts |
| Superior nuclear detail and better paraffin infiltration than with formalin alone |
Zinc Salts |
| B-5 |
Compound fixative |
| Bouin |
Compound fixative |
| gendre |
Compound fixative |
| Hollande |
Compound fixative |
| Zenker and Helly |
Compound fixative |
| Orth |
Compound fixative |
| Zamboni |
Compound fixative |
| Zinc formalin |
Compound fixative |
| Mercuric chloride, sodium acetate, distilled water |
B-5 |
| fixative for hemaptopoietic and lymphoreticular tissues bcuz it demonstrates beautiful nuclear detail |
B-5 |
| remove mercury or pigments will occur |
B-5 |
| Good stain for IHC and most special stains except silver stains |
B-5 |
| picric acid(shrinking effect), 37-40% formaldehyde, glacial cetic acid(swelling effect) |
Bouin |
| lyses RBC and dissolves iron and small calcium deposits |
Bouin |
| excellent fixative form the trichorme stain |
Bouin |
| Preserves structures with soft and delicate textures |
Bouin |
| Formalin pigments can occur |
Bouin |
| 95% alcohol saturated with picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid |
Gendre |
| alcoholic bouin solution excellent for preserving carbs expecially glycogen |
Gendre |
| Wash excess picric acid with 80% alcohol |
Gendre |
| Copper acetate, picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde, distilled water |
Hollande |
| Modification of bouin whic stabilizes RBC membranes and the granules of eosinphils and endocrine cells |
Hollande |
| decalcify small bone specimens |
Hollande |
| more widely used for GI tract bx |
Hollande |
| Mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate,distilled water |
Zenker helly stock solution |
| Zenker helly stock solution, Glacial acetic acid |
Zenker |
| Tissue must be treated for mercury pigment if not treated, chromate pigments may also form |
Zenker |
| Lyses erythrocytes |
Zenker |
| Good nuclear fixative |
Zenker |
| Good for performing mallory ptah |
Zenker |
| Unsat for silver stains |
Zenker |
| Zenker helly stock solution, 37-40% formaldehyde |
Helly |
| Tissue must be treated for mercury pigment if not treated chromate pigment may also form |
Helly |
| Formalin pigment may also occur |
Helly |
| preserves erythrocyte |
Helly |
| unsat for silver |
Helly |
| Potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, distilled water, 37-40% formaldehyde |
Orth |
| Not a good general purpose fixative |
Orth |
| used to demonstrate chromaffin granules in the adrenal medulla |
Orth |
| Paraformaldehyde, picric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphate buffer |
Zamboni buffered picric acid formaldehyde (PAF) |
| not widely used, is a good general fixative, allows for secondary fixation after osmium |
Zamboni buffered picric acid formaldehyde (PAF_ |
| zinc chloride, dionized water, 99% isopropyl alcohol, 37-40% formaldehyde |
Alcoholic zinc formalin |
| Recommended as post fixative after NBF, antigenicity is enhanced and nuclear detail is improved |
Alcoholic zinc formalin |
| antigenicity is enhanced and nuclear detain is improved |
Alcoholic zinc formalin |
| Zinc sulfate, deionized water, 37-40% formaldehyde |
Unbuffered aqueous zinc formalin |
| formalin pigments can be formed |
Unbuffered aqueous zinc formalin |
| fix bx for 4-6 hours other tissues 6-8hours |
Unbuffered aqueous zinc formalin |
| absolute ethyl alcohol, chloroform, glacial acetic acid |
Carnoy |
| its ability to lyse erythrocytes is why it is used in cytology |
Carnoy |
| preserves glycogen |
Carnoy |
| picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde |
Rossman |
| similar to gender |
Rossman |
| recommended for carbohydrates particularly glycogen |
Rossman |
| glycogen is preserved by either trapping it within precipitated proteins or by being precipitated directly |
Rossman |
| Chromic acid, osmic acid, acetic acid |
Flemming |
| excellent cytoplasmic and chromosomal fixative, especially when the acetic acid is omited |
Flemming |
| disadvantages, penetrates poorly, requires lenghthy washing and deteriorates rapidly |
Flemming |
mr. charles11
