NECC-acidbase balanc
| Description: | ACID/BASE BALANCE |
| Category: | Respiratory Therapy |
| Created by: | NECCJobMartinez on 2009-04-27 |
| Question | Answer |
| What is reabsorption? | Reabsorption is the active or passive transport of filtrate substances back into the tubule cell and then into the blood of nearby capillaries -Egan, Chapter 12, page 277 |
| Define the law of electroneutrality. | States that the total number of positive charges must equal the total number of negative charges in the body fluids -Egan, Chapter 12, page 288 |
| What occurs when any physiological process lowers PaCO2 less than 35 mmHg and raises pH more than 7.45? | Respiratory Alkalosis -Egan, Chapter 12, page 286 |
| What occurs when any physiological process raises PaCO2 more than 45mmHg and lowers pH less than 7.35? | Respiratory Acidosis -Egan, Chapter 12, page 284 |
| What type of breathing pattern is exhibited by patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis? | Kussmaul's respiration -Egan, Chapter 12,page 290 |
| Name three renal causes of metabolic alkalosis | Diuretics, Hyperkalemia, Hypervolemia, Hyperchloremia. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 291, Box 12-6 |
| In normal lungs, name 3 causes of respiratory acidosis. | Anesthesia, Sedative drugs, Narcotic analgesia -Egan, Chapter 12, page 285 |
| How can hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis be iatrogenically induced? | The hyperventilation an be caused by overly aggressive mechanical ventilation as well as deep breathing and lung expansion procedures. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 286 |
| Define partly compensated respiratory alkalosis. | Low PaCO2, low HCO3-, and alkalitic pH not in the normal range. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 287. |
| Define fully compensated respiratory acidosis. | High PaCO2, high HCO3-, pH on the acidic side of normal pH. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 285. |
| True or False. A patient with pneumonia or pulmonary edema can be hyperventilating. | True. These two processes can expel CO2 faster than it is produced. -Egan,Chapter 12, page 286. |
| What is the blood buffer base? | The blood buffer base is the sum of bicarbonate and nonbicarbonate bases in the mmol/L of blood. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 273 |
| What is the difference between an open buffer system and a closed buffer system? | In an open buffer system, some of the solutes are removed from the body, while in a closed system, they are kept and used within the system of reactions. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 273 |
| What are the differences between excretion and secretion? | Excretion is the elimination of substances from the body in the urine. Secretion is the process by which renal tubule cells actively transport substances into the filtrate. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 277. |
| Name the two primary acid-excreting organs. | Lungs and kidneys. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 277 |
| How does the Henderson-Hasselbach equation determine [H+]? | The H-H equation determines hydrogen ion concentration by computing the ration between undisassociated acid molecules [H2CO3] and base ions [HCO3-]. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 275 |
| What are the normal areterial PCO2 and arterial bicarbonate concentration values? | PaCO2 = 40 mmHg and HCO3- = 24 mEq/L -Egan, Chapter 12, page 281 |
| How is base excess determined? | Determined by equilibrating a blood sample in the laboratory to a PCO2 of 40 mmHg at standard body temperature Celsius and recording the amount of acid or base needed to titrate 1L of blood to a pH of 7.40. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 294. |
| What is a combined acid-base disturbance? | A disturbance where they are both respiratory and metabolically related. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 294. |
| What corrective measures are used in correcting hypokalemia? | Potassium chloride (KCl), dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), or ammonium chloride (NH3Cl) may be infused directly into a large central vein. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 293 |
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What is reabsorption? Reabsorption is the active or passive transport of filtrate substances back into the tubule cell and then into the blood of nearby capillaries -Egan, Chapter 12, page 277 Define the law of electroneutrality. States that the total number of positive charges must equal the total number of negative charges in the body fluids -Egan, Chapter 12, page 288 What occurs when any physiological process lowers PaCO2 less than 35 mmHg and raises pH more than 7.45? Respiratory Alkalosis -Egan, Chapter 12, page 286 What occurs when any physiological process raises PaCO2 more than 45mmHg and lowers pH less than 7.35? Respiratory Acidosis -Egan, Chapter 12, 284 What type of breathing pattern is exhibited in patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis? Kussmaul's respiration -Egan, Chapter 12, 290 |
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