ch. 10 terms

Description:	ch. 10 terms
Category:	AP Human Geography
Created by:	ambrecooper on 2009-04-26

Question	Answer
Agribusiness	Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
Agriculture	The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
Cereal Grain	A grass yielding grain for food
Chaff	Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.
Combine	A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.
Commercial agriculture	Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
Coop	Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.
Crop rotation	The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
Desertification	De gradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.
Double Cropping	Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
Grain	Seed of a cereal grass
Green Revolution	Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
Horticulture	The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
Hull	The outer covering of a seed.
Intensive Subsistence agriculture	A form of substance agriculture in which farmers must expand a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
Milkshed	The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
Paddy	Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.
Pasture	Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.
Plantation	A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specialize in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually for a more developed country.
Prime Agricultural land	The most productive farmland.
Ranching	A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
Reaper	A machine that cuts grain standing in the field.
Ridge tillage	system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.
Sawah	A flooded field for growing rice.
Seed agriculture	Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization.
Shifting cultivation	A form of substance agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another: each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
Slash-and-burn agriculture	Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.
spring wheat	Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.
Substance agriculture	Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family.
Sustainable agriculture	Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.
Swidden	A patch of land cleared for planting.
Thresh	To beat out grain from stocks by trampling it.
Transhumance	The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
Truck farming	Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle England word bartering or the exchange of commodities.
Vegetative planting	Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants.
Wet rice	Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved o a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.
Winnow	To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.
Winter wheat	Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer.