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Gyn Physiology
Gynecologic Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary function of the ovaries | produce estrogen and progesterone |
| ____ releases FSH and LH | Pituitary |
| Puberty is | the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Not the same as menarche. |
| Beginning of breast development usually age 8 or beyond | Thelarche |
| Tanner stages describe | secondary sex development |
| Menarche occurs on average | 2.5 years after onset of puberty |
| When does ovulation occur? | 14 days from the back end of the cycle |
| Temperature increases during | ovulation time. Take it first thing in the morning. Cervical mucus is thin at this time. |
| MIddle Schertz | Pain when you ovulate |
| Avg. bleeding during menses | 30-60cc's. Time: 3-5 days |
| Day 1 of menstrual cycle is the day | the menses starts. Bleeding starts. |
| Ovarian follicles develop leading to mature graafian follicle. Estrogen levels rise | Follicular/proliferative phase |
| On birth control | no ovulation, no proliferation. You have withdrawal bleeding |
| Primary reason people stop their birth control | abnormal bleeding b/c they are not informed about withdrawal bleeding expectations |
| ___ & ______ support the growth of the follicle until the placenta can | Progesterone and HCG |
| ______ Induces granulosa cells to become sensitive to LH leading to ovulation | FSH. Has negative feedback on GnRH secretion |
| "Surge" in ___ induce ovulation of the dominant follicle | LH. Surge triggered by increasing estrogen from dominant follicle |
| ___ induces androgen synthesis by the follicular theca cells | LH |
| Estrogen is made predominantly by | ovarian granulosa cells. Granulosa cells convert androgens to estrogen |
| ________ causes proliferation of the endometrial glands | estrogen |
| Progesterone is made by the | Corpus luteum |
| Spotting in early pregnancy may be caused by | implantation bleeding; corpus luteum --> placenta |
| Length of Endometrium luteal phase | constant at 14 days |
| When you ovulate, your estrogen and progesterone go | up. |
| PMDD | Most any birth control pill b/c these sx occur with ovulation and all birth control pills work to stop ovulation |
| Average age of menopause | 52-53. perimenopausal: avg age 47.5 |
| 2nd highest group of unplanned pregnancies | perimenopausal women |
| Calcium and Vit. D | helpful for treating perimenopausal sx. Also vit. B |
| Risk of heart attack and stroke ____ in women after menopause | increases. Tell women to be assertive about their health. Cardiac death claims many women. |
| Vulvovaginal Changes with menopause | loss of collagen and adiposity in vulva. Clitoris loses protective covering. Vaginal surface thinner, less elastic; more friable. Vaginal dryness/genital tract atrophy. Vaginal mucosa and endometrium become thin and dry |
| Cardiovascular/lipid changes | total cholesterol increases, HDL decreases, LDL increases, Risk of heart attack and stroke increases in women after menopause |
| Bone density changes | BD lost at a rate of 1-2% per year after menopause. Risk of hip and vertebral fracture increases |
| Sleep/mood disruption | the time it takes to fall asleep is longer, total length of time asleep is shorter, depression/crying spells may develop |
| First Sx of menopause often are | menstrual irregularities. Cycles shorten or lengthen. Then hot flashes and vasomotor instability |
Created by:
ltm12