| Question |
Answer |
| What's R Strategist? |
Reprodce early, many small unprotected offspring. |
| What's K Strategist? |
Reproduce late, few, cared for offspring. |
| What's Natural Selection? |
Organisms that possess favorable adaptations pass them onto the next generation. |
| What's Malthus? |
Said humanpopulation cannot continue to increase...consequences will be war, famine & dsease |
| What's Dubling Time? |
Rule of 70 70 divided by te percent growth rate. |
| What's Replacing Level Fertility? |
The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves(2.1 developed, 2.7 developing) |
| What's World Population? |
Over 6 billion. |
| What's Preindustrial Stage? |
Birth & death rates high, population grows slowly, infant mortality high. |
| What's Transition Stage? |
Death rate lower, better health care, population grows fast. |
| What's Indstrial Stage? |
Decline in birth rate, population growth slows. |
| What's Postindustrial Stage? |
low birth & death rates. |
| What's Age Structure Diagrams? |
(broad base, rapid growth)(narrow base, negative growth)(uniform shape, zero growth) |
| What's 1st & 2nd Most Populated Countries? |
China & India |
| What's the ost Important Thing Affecting Population Growth? |
Low status of women. |
| What's Ways to Decrease Birth Rate? |
Family planning, contraception, economic rewards & penalties. |
| What's Percent water on Earth by Type? |
97.5% seawater, 2.5% freshwater |
| What's Salinazationof Soil? |
In arid regions, water evaporates leaving salts behind. |
| What's Ways to Conserve Water? |
(Agriculture, drip/trickle irigaion)(industry, recycling)(home, use gray water, repair leaks, low flow fixtures) |
| What's Point vs Non-Point Source? |
Point: from specific location such as pipeNon-pint: from over an area such as runoff. |
| What's BOD? |
Biological oxygen demand, amount of disolved oxygen needed by aerobic decomposers to break down organic materials. |
| What's Eutrophication? |
Rapid algal growth aused by an excess of N&P |
| What's Hypoxia? |
When aquatic plants die, the BOD rises as aerobic decomposers break down the plants, the DO dros & the water onnot support life. |
| What's Minamata Disease? |
Mental impairments caused by mercury. |
| What's Primary Air Pollutants? |
Poduced by humans & nature ( CO, CO2, So2, NO, hydrcarbons, particulaes) |
| What's Secondary Pollutants |
Formed by reaction of primary pollutants. |
| What's Particulate Matter(Source, Effect, Reduction)? |
(Buring fossil fuels & car exhaust)(Reduces visibility & resiratory irritation)(filtering, electrostatic precipitators alternative energy) |
| What's Nitrogen Oxides? |
(Source: auto exaust) (Effects: acidification of laks, respirator irritation, leas to smog & zone)(Equaton for acid formation: NO+O2=NO2=H2)=HNO3)(Reduction: catalytic converter) |
| What's Sulfur Oxides? |
(Soure: coal burning)(Effects: acid deposition,espiratory irriation, demages plants)(Equation for acid formation: SO+O2=SO3+H2O=H2SO4)(Reduction: scrubbers,burn low sulfur fuel) |
| What's Carbon Oxides? |
(Source: auto exhaust incomplete combustion)(Effects: CO binds to hemoglobin reducing bloods abiity to carry O, CO2 contributes to global warming)(REducion: Cataltic converter, emission testing, oxygenated fuel, mass transit) |
| What's Ozone? |
(Formation: secondary pollutant, NO=UV=NO+OO+O2=O3, with VOC's)(Effects: respiatory irritans, plants damage)(Reduction: Reduce NO Emissions & VOC's) |
| What's Indusrial Smog? |
Found in cities that burn large amounts of coal. |
| What's Acid Deposition? |
Caued by sulfuric and nitric acids resulting in lowered pH of surface waters. |
| What's Greenhouse gases? |
(Ex. H2o, CO2, O3, methane(CH4), CFC's)(EFFECT: they trap outgoing infrared (heat) energy causing earth to warm up) |
| What's Ozone Depletion Caused By? |
CFC's, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, halon, methyl bromide all of which attack stratospheric ozone. |
| What's Effect of Ozone Depletion? |
Inceased UV, skin cancer, cataracts, decreased plant growth. |
| What's Love Canal, NY? |
Chemicals buried in old canal and school & homes built over it causing bith defects & cancer. |
| What's Most Municipal SOLID Waste? |
Paper |
| What's Most municipal waste? |
Landfilled |
| What's Sanitary Landfill Problems and Solutions? |
(leachate, liner with collection system)(methane gas, collect gas and burn)(volume of garbage, compact & reduce) |
| What's Incineration Advantages? |
Volume of waste reduced by 90% & waste heat can be used. |
| What's Incineration Disadvantages? |
toxic emisssions polyvinyl cloride--dioxin), scrubbers & electrostatic precipitators needed, ash disposal |
| What's Best Way to Solve Waste Problems? |
Reduce the amounts of waste at the source |
| What's Keystone Species? |
Species whose role in an ecosystem are more important than others |
| What's Indicator Species? |
Species that serve as early warnings that an ecosystem is being damaged. |
| What's Most Endangered Species? |
Have a small range, require large territory or live on an island. |
| Who Keeps in Controls 50-90% of Pest Species in the Natural World? |
Predators, diseases, parasites |
| What's Major Insecticide Groups and Examples? |
(Chlorinted hydrocarbons, DDT)(Organophosphates, malathion)(Carbamates aldicarb) |
| What's Pesticide Pros? |
Saves lives from insect trasmitted diseases, increases food supply, increases profits for farmers. |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
