| Question |
Answer |
| Schizophrenia |
"madness" or loss of touch with reality |
| Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
changes in a way a person feels, and relates to others in the environment |
| What % of schizophrenics commit suicide? |
10% |
| What rank of disease burden is schizophrenia? |
second |
| When does the onset of schizo typically occur? |
adolescence or early adulthood |
| 3 phases of duration? |
prodromal, active, and residual |
| Active phase characteristics: |
hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech |
| Prodromal phase: |
precedes active phase and marked by obvious deterioration in role functioning as a student, employee, or homemaker-talking to one's self in public, outbursts of anger, increased tension, and restlessness. Social withdrawal and indecisiveness |
| Residual phase: |
Most dramatic symptoms of psychosis improve but impoverished expression of emotions and social isolation still intact |
| Disorganized Type: |
say things that are difficult to understand, behave in a disorganized way, and fail to express expected emotions |
| Paranoid Type: |
preoccupation with one or more delusions or by frequent auditory hallucinations, most often presecutory or grandiose |
| 3 dimensions of schizo symptoms |
positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and disorganization |
| Positive symptoms |
psychotic symptoms: hallucinations and delusions, tend to fluctuate |
| Negative Symptoms: |
lack of initiative, social withdrawal, and deficits in emotional responding, more stable over time |
| Disorganization symptom: |
Verbal communication problems and bizarre behavior |
| Most typical hallucination |
auditory |
| Blunted Affect/ affective flattening |
failing to exhibit signs of emotion or feeling, indifferent to surroundings, faces are apathetic and expressionless, voices lack typical fluctuation in volume and pitch, demonstrate a complete lack of concern for themselves and others |
| Anhedonia |
inability to experience pleasure |
| Avolition |
lack of volition or will, accompanied by indecisiveness and ambivalence |
| Alogia |
impoverished thinking that causes speechlessness |
| disorganized speech/ thought disorder |
saying things that do not make sense |
| loose associations/ derailment |
shifting topics too abruptly |
| tangentiality |
replying to a question with an irrelevant response |
| Perseveration |
Persistently repeating the same word or phrase over and over again |
| Inappropriate Affect |
incongruity and lack of adaptability in emotional expression, ex. laughing when describing a terrifying experience |
| DSM-IV-TR diagnosis: |
must exhibit two or more active symptoms (positive, negative, disorganized, and catatonia) for 1 month. Social/ Occupational dysfunction for a significant portion of the time since onset. And at least a 6 month duration in the absence of depression/ mania |
| Less than 6 months of symptoms = |
schizophreniform disorder |
| 5 types of schizophrenia: |
Catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, undifferentiated, and residual |
| Undifferentiated Type: |
Display prominent psychotic symptoms and either display several subtypes or none of the above |
| Residual Type: |
No active phase symptoms but some negative symptoms, believed to be in "partial remission" |
| Schizoaffective disorder |
Schizophrenics with mood disorders with psychotic features |
| Delusional Disorder |
preoccupied for atleast 1 month with delusions that are not bizzare, doesn't interfere with life roles |
| Brief Psychotic Disorder: |
Experiencing schizophrenic symptoms for at least one day but not exceeding a month |
| Prevalence in population? |
1 in 100 will display schizophrenic symptoms symptoms |
| Gender differences in schizophrenia? |
Men have earlier onset and tend to follow a deteriorating course |
| Biological factors in the cause of schizophrenia |
Certain genetic links have been identified, COMT breaks down dopamine may be involved |
| Schizophrenia and birth difficulties: |
problems during pregnancy increase likelihood of developing schizophrenia |
| Season typically associated with birth dates of schizophrenics? |
Winter |
| Schizophrenia and the brain |
decrease in total brain tissue volume, enlarged lateral ventricles, decreased size of hippocampus, the amygdala, and thalamus. Decreased frontal lobe activity. |
| Social causation hypothesis |
Those in lower socioeconomic statuses tend to have chances of schizophrenia |
| Social Selection Hypothesis |
Due the social impairment that occurs with schizophrenia, these individuals will eventually become part of a lower socioeconomic status. |
| Schizotaxia |
Predisposition to developing schizophrenia |
| Endophenotypes |
vulnerability markers such as a trait that lies somewhere on the pathway between the genotype and full blown symptoms |
| Classical antipsychotic drugs aka neuroleptic drugs: |
Thorazine, generally reduces positive symptoms |
| Relapse rate for schizophrenic episode |
65-70 percent, 40% with antipsychotic drugs |
| Side effects of antipsychotic medication include Extrapyramidial symptoms: |
muscular rigidity, tremors, restless agitation, involuntary postures, and motor inertia |
| Second generation antipsychotics or atypical antipsychotics: |
(Clozaril) don't produce motor side affects, better treat negative symptoms, may lead to weight gain/ obesity |
| most widely used class of neuroleptic drugs is called
|
phenothiazines |
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