| Question |
Answer |
| Describes how the human system works and how to improve it's function |
Biochemistry |
| Provides organizing principles that underlie life |
Biochemistry |
| How many milligrams per day of macro elements does our body need? |
more than 100 |
| How many milligrams per day of micro elements does our body need? |
Under 100 |
| How many milligrams of trace elements does our body need per day? |
Under 1 |
| Define kcal |
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree C |
| Is Cal and kcal the same? |
Yes |
| Out of cal, Cal and kcal, which is one nutrition labels |
Cal or kcal |
| How much energy do we get through the oxidation of proteins? |
4 kcal per gram |
| How much energy do we get through the oxidation of carbohydrates? |
4 kcal per gram |
| How much energy do we get through the oxidation of lipids? |
9 kcal per gram |
| True or False: water is the most abundant substance in the living system? |
True |
| Name 5 functions of water |
1. Solvent 2. Regulates body temp 3. Transport of nutrients and waste 4. reactant or product in reaction 5. Reaction medium |
| True or False: water has a low efficient of thermal expansion? |
True, it won't disturb cells with change of temp |
| True or False: Water is not amphoteric |
False, water can act as an acid or base |
| True or False: Water has a slight tendency to ionize? |
True |
| What is the physiological pH |
7.4 |
| Plasma membrane |
Surrounds the cell |
| Function of plasma membrane |
Provides protection, nourishment and waste removal |
| Other word for cytoplasm |
Cystosol |
| Functioning for cytoplasm |
Important for signaling between organelles |
| Metabolic pathways that occur in cytoplasm of cell |
1. Glycolysis 2. Pentose phosphate pathway 3. Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis 4. Fatty acid synthesis |
| Nucleus |
Contains DNA |
| Nucleoplasm |
Contains all enzymes and minerals necessary for nucleus to function |
| Mitochondria |
Powerhouse of the cell. This is where oxygen is used in the cell and most of the metabolic energy is produced through electron transport chain |
| Which cells DO NOT contain mitochondria |
Erythrocytes |
| Rough ER |
Studded with ribosomes, protein synthesis |
| Smooth ER |
Lipid synthesis; more SER found in cells responsible for making hormones and liver cells |
| Golgi complex |
"sorting machine" Responsible for sorting newly synthesized |
| Cis Side of Golgi Complex |
Greets the proteins |
| Trans Side of Golgi Complex |
Sorts the proteins |
| Post translational modifications |
Adding sulfate, carbohydrates or lipid structures to proteins |
| Lysosome |
The digestive system of the cell. Important for digesting old or injured organelles, regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis |
| Peroxisome |
Digestive system of the cell. Contains oxidative enzymes. |
| Catalase |
Enzymes used to break down hydrogen peroxide formed from, the oxidation reactions to water and oxygen. |
| Marcoelements |
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, phosphorus, Sulfur, Potassium, Chlorine, Sodium, Magnesium |
| Microelements |
Iron, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Flurine |
| Ultra Trace Elements |
Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon |
Poultry
