Risk factors for cataracts

lifetime UV-B light exposure, age, corticosteroids, smoking, DM, women, AA

Cataract Risk reduction

antioxidants, vit. A, C, E, Selenium, Decreased ETOH and Decreased Smoking, Jury still out on Decreased Salt

Two types of cataracts

cortical (peripheral), nuclear (central)

Signs and Sx of senile cataracts

gradual painless visual loss, generalized rather than field loss, glare with bright light, "second sight" effect in presbyopic patients

Efficacy of cataract surgery

90% regain good vision (covered well by insurance companies)

increased intraocular pressure, damage to optic nerve, peripheral visual loss predominates

Acute closed-angle glaucoma

Sudden pressure increase associated with sudden onset of pain, ↓ in vision, halos around lights, N/VUnilateral; red eye, steamy cornea, non-reactive pupil

Chronic open-angle glaucoma

More commonDevelops slowly; bilateralNormal-appearing outflow trackPeripheral visual loss initially

#1 cause of severe vision loss in the elderly

age related macular degeneration

Macular degeneration facts

begins in one eye, usually becomes bilateral. Dry and slow subcategories

slow onset, loss of macular cells, non-neovascular, represents 90% of cases

more acute, less common, abnormal blood vessels are fragile and leak

Modifiable risk factors for macular degeneration

smoking, htn, uv exposure, poor diet

non modifiable risk factors for macular degeneration

age, caucasian, blue eyes, genetics, severe myopia or hyperopia

Fundoscopic findings in macular degeneration

drusen, neovascular - leaky vessels

prevention and Tx for Dry AMD

minimize risks, maintain healthy diet (Vit c, E, beta carotene, zinc, antioxidants)

Prevention and Tx for Wet AMD

laser tx effective in about 10-15%, Lucentis - intra ocular injection of monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody. FDA approved in 2006

Hearing loss complications

decreased ability to hear speech, inability to mask competing sounds, difficulty with sound localization, distortion of sound

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Ger Sensory Loss

Sensory loss in the aging Patient

Question	Answer
First signs of presbyopia occur around age	40
Risk factors for cataracts	lifetime UV-B light exposure, age, corticosteroids, smoking, DM, women, AA
Cataract Risk reduction	antioxidants, vit. A, C, E, Selenium, Decreased ETOH and Decreased Smoking, Jury still out on Decreased Salt
Two types of cataracts	cortical (peripheral), nuclear (central)
Signs and Sx of senile cataracts	gradual painless visual loss, generalized rather than field loss, glare with bright light, "second sight" effect in presbyopic patients
Efficacy of cataract surgery	90% regain good vision (covered well by insurance companies)
2nd leading cause of blindness in the US	Glaucoma, leading cause in AA
Glaucoma facts	increased intraocular pressure, damage to optic nerve, peripheral visual loss predominates
Acute closed-angle glaucoma	Sudden pressure increase associated with sudden onset of pain, ↓ in vision, halos around lights, N/VUnilateral; red eye, steamy cornea, non-reactive pupil
Chronic open-angle glaucoma	More commonDevelops slowly; bilateralNormal-appearing outflow trackPeripheral visual loss initially
Changes in cup to disc ratio in glaucoma	increased cup to disc ratio
#1 cause of severe vision loss in the elderly	age related macular degeneration
Macular degeneration facts	begins in one eye, usually becomes bilateral. Dry and slow subcategories
Dry (atrophic) AMD	slow onset, loss of macular cells, non-neovascular, represents 90% of cases
Wet (exudative) AMD	more acute, less common, abnormal blood vessels are fragile and leak
Modifiable risk factors for macular degeneration	smoking, htn, uv exposure, poor diet
non modifiable risk factors for macular degeneration	age, caucasian, blue eyes, genetics, severe myopia or hyperopia
Fundoscopic findings in macular degeneration	drusen, neovascular - leaky vessels
Home screening for macular degeneration	Grid
prevention and Tx for Dry AMD	minimize risks, maintain healthy diet (Vit c, E, beta carotene, zinc, antioxidants)
Prevention and Tx for Wet AMD	laser tx effective in about 10-15%, Lucentis - intra ocular injection of monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody. FDA approved in 2006
Hearing loss complications	decreased ability to hear speech, inability to mask competing sounds, difficulty with sound localization, distortion of sound

Created by: ltm12

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