| Question |
Answer |
| ______ forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity. |
Oropharynx |
| How many adult teeth are in the mouth in a normal adult |
32 |
| ________ is a small horseshoe shaped bone to which the jaw, apiglottis and thyroid cartilage attach as well |
hyoid bone |
| what is the superior border of the glotic opening called |
epiglottis |
| What is the anatomic space or ''pocket'' located between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis called |
vallecula |
| a sheild shaped sturcture formed by 2 plates that join in a v-shape to form tha adams apple is called |
thyroid cartilage |
| What forms the lowest portion of the larynx |
cricoid cartilage |
| the site for emergency surgical access to the airway is called |
cricothyroid membrane |
| A spasmodic closure of the vocal cords, which seals of the airway is called |
laryngospasm |
| An et tube that is inserted to far will often come to lie in the right mainstem bronchus. Why? |
Because the right bronchus is somewhat shorter and streighter then the left bronchus |
| All of the blood vessels and bronchi enter each lunc at the |
hilum |
| The right lung has how many lobes |
3 |
| the left lung has how many lobes |
2 |
| what is the name of the lining that lines the inside of the thoracic cavity. |
Parietal pleura |
| What is the name of the outer lining of the lungs |
visceral pleura |
| Alveoli are lined with a proteinaceous substance known as |
Surfactant |
| If the amount of pulmonary surfactant is decreased or the alveoli are not inflated, they will collapse. A condition known as |
atelectasis |
| what 2 types of motor nerves effect breathing |
Phrenic nerves, intercoastal nerves |
| The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries is referred to as |
External resperation |
| The exchange of gases between the blood cells and the tissues is referred to as |
Internal respiration |
| Gas exchange in the body occurs by _______ a process in which a gas moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
diffusion |
| ~ how much of the bodies total oxygen is bound to the hemoglobin |
97 % |
| Carbon Monoxide has a much greater affinity for hemoglobin then oxygen. How much greater |
250 times |
| A deficiency of red blood cells, that results in a chronically decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Name the desease |
Anemia |
| If CO2 production exceeds the body's ability to eliminate it by ventiliation th co2 rises causeing a condition known as |
hypoventilation |
| When co2 elimination exceeds co2 production this causes a condition known as |
Hyperventilation |
| What is hypercarbia |
a co2 build up in the blood |
| what is hypocarbia |
a low level of co2 in the blood |
| What is dyspnea |
difficulty breathing |
| what is hypoxemia |
a decrease in arterial o2 levels |
| what is hypoxia |
a lack of oxygen to the body's cells and tissues. |
| What is anoxia |
an absence of oxygen resulting in cellular and tissue death |
| What is orthopnea |
positional dyspnea |
| Name some protective reflexes of the airway |
coughing, sneezing, and gagging |
| Name a fairly reliable indicator of a gag reflex |
eyelash reflex |
| What does sighing do to the alveoli |
it hyperinflates the lungs, therby reexpanding atelectatic alveoli |
| What is carboxyhemoglobin |
hemoglobin with carbon monoxide attached |
| What is oxyhemoglobin |
hemoglobin with oxygen attached |
| What position would you place a patient with a decreased LOC but able to maintain their own spontaneous airway and breathing adequately |
recovery position |
| Airway obstructions cause by larngeal spasm or edema MAY be relieved by what? |
Aggressive ventilation, a forceful upward pull of the jaw to reposition the airway, and certain cases muscle relaxants. |
| Aspiration significantly increases |
mortality |
| What is the maximum suction time in an adult |
15 seconds. |
| A nonrebreather delivers what % oxygen |
90-100% |
| A nasal cannula is to be set at ___ delivering what % o2 |
1-6L 24-44% |
| ventilation rate in an apneic adult patient with a pulse |
10-12 breaths a minute |
| ventilation rate in an apneic adult patient without a pulse |
8-10 breaths a minute |
| ventilation rate in an apneic pediatric patient with a pulse |
12-20 breaths a minute |
| ventilation rate in an apneic pediatric patient without a pulse |
8-10 breaths a minute |
| Name one of the most common mistakes in proceeding with advanced airway management |
proceeding with advanced management without first trying bls airway |
| How long should you ventilate before attempting intubation |
2-3 minutes with 100% O2 |
| What size ET tube will the normal adult female require |
7.0 - 8.0mm |
| What size ET tube will the normal adult male require |
7.5 - 8.5mm |
| What can you use as a good approximation of the diameter of the glottic opening |
the internal diameter of a nostril |
| What is the streight blade called |
miller |
| what is the curved blade called |
macintosh |
| Medications that can be given via the ET tube follow what numonic? |
LEAN Lidocain, Epinephrine, Atropine, Narcan |
| Meds given via the et tube should be given how many times their standard dose |
2-2.5 times |
| When attempting intubation don't allow your O2 sat to drop below _____ |
95% |
| Before intubating always check that your bulb on your blade is ______ |
Bright, White, Steady and Tight |
| What is the BURP maneuver |
Backward Upward Rightward Pressure |
| Immediately after successful intubation you should hyperventilate your patient for how long, and why |
30 sec - 1 minute to eliminate any accumulated Carbon Dioxide |
| capnography may be inaccurate in what patients |
Patients in cardiac arrest, who are severly acidotic, or patients eliminating minimul carbon dioxide |
| How much smaller should the ET tube being inserted into a nostril be, then the nostril it is going into |
1-1.5mm |
| What is the first rule to remember about tracheobronchial suctioning |
Don't do it if you don't have to |
| You should use uncuffed et tubes in the field untill the patient reaches what age |
8-10 years |
| Trouble shooting acute deterioration of and intubated patient uses what mnemonic |
DOPE. Discplacement. ObstructionPneumothoraxEquipment failure |
| A multilumen tube is indicated in what size range patient |
5-7 ft |
| A small adult combitube can be used on patients as short as |
4ft |
| What do analgesics do |
Decrease the perception of pain |
| What do sedative-hypnotics do |
induce sleep and decrease anxiety |
| For a patient to be hemodynamically stable they should have a bp greater then |
90mm hg |
| An open cric is contraindicated in patients less then |
8 years old |
| What size et tube do you use in a cric |
6.0mm |
| What size needle do you use in a needle cric |
14-16 gauge |
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