| Question |
Answer |
| The total body water constitutes how much of the weight of an adult man? In % |
60% |
| What is intracellular fluid and how much in % does it account for body weight |
Water contained inside the cells. 45% |
| What is extracellular fluid and how much in % does it account for body weight |
the water outside the cells. 15% |
| Intracellular fluid is further devided into 2 other types of fluids. What are they |
Interstitial fluid, and Intravascular fluid. |
| What is Interstitial fluid and how much in % does it account for in body weight |
The water bathing the cells. 10.5% of the body weight |
| What is intravascular fluid and how much in % does it account for in body weight |
The watger within the blood vessels (Plasma). 4.5% |
| A solution is a mixture of what 2 things |
Solute, Solvent |
| What is a solvent |
A fluid that does the dissolving, or the solution that contains the dissolved components. |
| What is a solute |
The dissolved particles contained in the solvent. |
| When compounds or charges concentrated on one side of the cell membrane move across it to an area of lower concentratrion, This is referred to as |
Diffusion |
| When a cell uses energy to actively transport compounds across it's membrane, this is called |
Active transport |
| What reflects the concentration of sodium in a solution and the movement of water in relation to the sodium levels inside and outside the cell |
Tonicity |
| A healthy person loses approximately how much fluid from urine output, the lungs, and skin |
2-2.5L |
| What is defined as inadequate total systemic fluid volume |
Dehydration |
| What is it called when the body's total systemic fluid volume increases |
Overhydration |
| What are the fiv e basic types of IV fluids |
Isoytonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Crystalloid, colloid |
| Lactated ringers should not be given to patients with liver failure becuase, |
They can't metabolize the lactate |
| D5W is an isotonic solution in the bag, but becomes what type of solution once administered |
hypotonic |
| Hypotonic solutions can cause cells to do what |
Lise |
| a Hypotonic solution will cause whater to what |
be pulled from the vascular compartment and into the interstitial space potentially causeing cells to burst |
| What is third spacing |
An abnormal fluid shift into the interstitial compartment. |
| What are crystalloid solutions |
Dissolved crystals in water. Like sugar and salt |
| What is the 3-1 replacement rule |
When administering an isotonic crystalloid solution you have to replace 1ml of blood (say from blood loss) with 3ml of isotonic crystalloid solution |
| Why use the 3-1 rule. What happens to 2/3 of the solution |
It will leave the vascular space in about an hour |
| What are the fluid bolus rates when trying to maintain profusion and LOC |
20ml/kg |
| What blood type is universally compatible |
O-negative blood |
| What is a perpheral vein |
a vein that can be palpated and/or seen. |
| What size are microdrip sets |
60gtts |
| What size are macrodrip sets |
10 or 15gtts |
| Putting an IV in the leg puts the patient more at risk for |
Venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism |
| The escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue causing localized edema is known as |
infiltration |
| Inflammation of the vein and the presence of a clot is known as |
Thrombophlebitis |
| The physical blockage of a vein or catheter is known as |
Occlusion |
| An accumulation of blood in the tissue surrounding an iv site is known as |
a hematoma |
| Foreign protiens capacle of producing a fever are |
Pyrogens |
| What is characterized by an abrupt temperature elevation |
pyrogenic reaction |
| How can you largely avoid a pyrogenic reaction |
inspecting the bag for any leaks cloudiness or discoloration |
| How much extra fluid can a healthy adult handle without compromise |
2-3 liters |
| How much air introduced into the circulatory system can a healthy adult handle without compromise |
200ml |
| The shaft of a long bone is called |
diaphysis |
| the ends of a long bone are called |
epiphyses |
| The growth plate of the long bone is called |
epiphyseal plate |
| What occurs when the IO needle doesn’t rest in the IO space, but rather rests outside the bone |
Extravesation |
| Inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by an infection is called |
Osteomyelitis |
| Contraindications to an IO are |
fracture, osteoporosis, osteogenesis perfecta, bilateral knee replacements. |
| Only four medications can be administered through an et tube. What are they? LEAN |
Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Atropine, Narcan. |
| List in order the rates of absorption of all medication delivery routes, in order from fastest to slowest |
IO, IV, ET, Inhalation, Sublingual, IM, SC, Rectal, Oral, and Topical. |
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