| Question |
Answer |
| Define Hematology. |
The study of blood |
| What specimen does Hematology want? |
Whole blood |
| What are formed elements? |
Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. |
| What percentage of blood is composed of Formed Elements? |
45% |
| What percentage of blood is plasma? |
55% |
| What is plasma? |
The fluid portion of blood (55%) |
| What is plasma composed of? |
90% water, 10% solutes. (protein, vitamins, carbohydrates, hormones, enzymes, lipids & salts, amino acids, electrolytes, sugar & fibronigen. |
| What is Serum? |
Plasma with all clotting factors removed. |
| How many more red blood cells compared to white blood cells are usually found in blood? |
1000X more RBC vs. WBC |
| How many more platelets compared to white cells are usually found in blood? |
50X more Pl vs. WBC |
| What are the components of blood? |
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets |
| Where are RBC's, WBC's & Platelets produced? |
Mostly in the bone marrow. |
| What is another name for blood production/formation? |
Hematopoiesis |
| What are Platelets? |
Also called Thromobcytes. They are not cells, but fragments of cells. Aids in clotting. |
| Is Plasma anticoagulated blood for lab tests or non-anticouagulated? |
anticouagulated. |
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| If you spin a red (non-additive) or SST tube of blood, what is the top yellow fluid called? |
Serum. |
| If you spin a Purple top tube of blood, what is the yellow fluid on top called? |
Plasma. |
| What tube is mostly asked for in Hematology testing? |
Purple EDTA |
| What is EDTA |
An anticouagulant, ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid. |
| What tube would you use for a CBC test? |
Purple, EDTA (whole blood) |
| What does hematology look for in a CBC test? |
WBC differential, Morphology, MPV, RBC indicies, HGB (hemoglobin), HCT (hematocrit). RBC/WBC/PLT measurements. |
| What is another word for "Packed cell volume"? |
Hematocrit |
| What is the WBC's primary function? |
Defense against infection. |
| What is the life span of a RBC? |
120 days |
| What is the percentage of RBC's in circulating cells? |
99% |
| What is the shape of a RBC? |
Biconcave disc. |
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| What molecule is the RBC part of for byproducts transport? |
Hemoglobin |
| What is the Platelets primary function/ |
Clotting. (Hemostasis) |
| What i Hemostasis? |
Clotting by platelets. |
| What is the life span of a platelet? |
9-12 days. |
| What is HGB? |
Hemoglobin |
| What is Hemoglobin? |
An oxygen binding molecule. |
| What is the general rule of thumb for Hemoglobin vs. RBC values? |
hemoglobins are 3X the value of RBC's. |
| What is anemia? |
Low blood volume. |
| What do we look for to assess anemia in a patient? |
Hemoglobins. |
| What are some common abbreviations/acronyms for Hematocrit? |
HCT, CRT |
| What does a Hematocrit test look for? |
Packed cell volume. Used to diagnose Anemia. |
| What is MCV? |
mean corpuscular volume. (cell size) |
| What is MCH? |
mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
| What is MCHC? |
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration |
| What is RDW? |
Red cell distribution width. |
| What is a WBC Differential? |
A test that looks at the volume of different types of white blood cells. |
| BONUS-Name 2 WBCs and their role. |
Lymphocyte-fights viral infectionsSegmented Neutrophil-fights bacterial infectionsMonocyte-performs Phagocytosis (is a phagocyte)Eosinophil-fights parasitic infections & allergic reactionsBasophil- has a role in inflammatory reactions. |
| What does Retic stand for? |
Reticulocyte count. |
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| What does ESR stand for? |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(sed rate) |
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| What does a decreased amount of hemoglobin suggest? |
Anemia |
| What are two anemia diseases due to deficiency of substances? |
Iron deficiency anemia.Vitamin B12-Pernicious anemia. (gastroectomy) |
| What is Scurvy? |
A vitamin C deficiency resulting in bleeding disorder. Most known with sailors in the 1700's. |
| Name some common tests associated with hematology. |
CBC, Retic, ESR |
| What is H & H? |
Hemoglobin & Hematocrit test. |
| What is another name for thrombocyte? |
Platelet |
| What is Hemostasis? |
The body's clotting function. |
| What is Hemolysis? |
The destruction/breakage of RBC. |
| What is Hemoconcentration? |
Increased ratio of formed elements vs. plasma. Caused by leaving the tourniqit on too long. |
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| What is the primary function of RBCs? |
Transportation of oxygen and byproducts. |
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| What is a reticulocyte? |
An immature red blood cell. |
| What % of reticulocytes is expected in blood? |
2% |
| What does the retic test check for? |
production of bone marrow cells. |
| What does an ESR test measure? |
The distance RBC fall within an hour. |
| What is the clinical usefulness of an ESR? |
Assessment of inflammatory disease. |
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| What are the 3 Hemolytic Anemias? |
Sickle cellThalessemiaHeriditary SpherocytosisDIC |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
