a&p link 15

Description:	a&p link 15
Category:	Anatomy
Created by:	crystin on 2009-02-25

Question	Answer
Small subdivison of the arteries they carry blood in the capillaries.	arteriole
which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?	arteries
tiny, thin-walled vessels that allow for exchanges between systems; connect	capillary
Which type of blood vessels have the thinnest walls	capillaries
To what organs does the pulmonary circuit deliver blood?	lungs and heart
List the three types of vessels found in pulmonary circulation	pulmonary artery, capillaries, and veins
Which type of blood vessel has three layers, one of which is thick and muscular, that are separated by elastic tissue?	Artery
The most inferior portion of the aorta	abdominal aorta
What arteries supply the heart muscle	left and right coronary arteries
what artery supplies blood to the intestine	superior and inferior mesenteric artery
List the paired lateral branches of the abdominal aorta	phrenic, suparenal, renal, ovarion, testicular, and lumbar
what arteries supply the diaphragm	phrenic
The abdominal aorta finally divides into what two arteries	Common iliac arteries
The external iliac arteries continue into the thigh as what arteries	femoral and popliteal
The 1st branch of the subclavian artery?	vertebral artery
communication between two vessels	anastomosis
What is the purpose of an arterial anastomosis	blood reaches vital organs by more than one route
What is the superficial palmar arch formed by the union of?	radial and ulnar arteries
List the 3 largest superficial veins in the arm	cephalic, basilic, and median cubital
The longest veins in the body	saphenous veins
What veins drain the areas supplied by the carotid arteries?	jugular veins
What vein is formed by the union of the subclavian and jugular veins	brachiocephalic
Would a blood cell going from the left thumb to the heart pass through the jugular vein	no
What part of the body does the superior vena cava drain	head, neckm and upper extremities
What does the azygos vein drain and where does it empty?	veins of the chest; superior vena cava
Where do the lumbar veins drain	inferior vena cava
a large channel that drains deoxygenated blood, but does not have the usual tubular structure of the veins	venous sinus
List the Cranial Venous Sinus	cavernous, petrosal, superior sagittal and transverse (lateral)
What sinuses drain the opthalmic veins	cavernous
In a portal system, blood circulates through what before returning to the heart	a second capillary bed
In the hepatic portal system, the veins that drain blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and intestine deliver blood to what organ instead of directly into the inferior vena cava	hepatic portal vein of the liver
What is the main process by which substances move between cells and the capillary blood?	plasma proteins
decrease in a blood vessels diameter, causing a decrease in blood flow	vasoconstriction
What does the precapillary sphincter do when tissues need more oxygen?	widens to allow more blood to enter
List three mechanisms that promote the return of blood to the heart	contraction of skeletal muscle, valves, breathing
The pulse is most commonly obtained at what artery?	radial artery
What fingers should be used to take a pulse?	second and third finger
Is the pulse generally faster in men or women?	women
Will a newborn have a fast or slow pulse?	fast
What effect will increase blood viscosity have on blood pressure	increase blood pressure
What instrument is used to measure blood pressure	sphygmomanometer
Blood pressure is reported as systolic pressure first, followed by what?	diastolic
What pressure occurs during relaxation of the heart muscle	diastolic
high blood pressure is also known as what?	hypertension
Hypertension that has no apparent medical cause is what?	essential hypertension
How does renin raise blood pressure	causes blood vessels to constrict and promotes kidney's retention of salt and water
hardening of the arteries	arteriosclerosis
bulging sac in the wall of a blood vessel caused by a localized weakness in that part of the vessel	aneurysm
What artery may be pressed to stop hemorrhage on the side of the face and around the ear?	temporal
What artery may be pressed to avoid serious hemorrhage of the lower extremity	femoral
refers to life-threatening condition in which there is inadequate blood flow to the body tissues	shock
a type of shock that is sometimes referred as pump failure, is often complication of heart muscle damage, as occurs in MI, the leading cause of shock death	Cardiogenic
another type of shock that is the 2nd leading type of shock it is usually the result of an overwhelming bacterial infection	septic
it is caused by a decrease in the volume of circulating blood and may follow severe hemorrhage or burns	Hypovolemic
is a severe allergic reaction to foreign substances to which the person has been sensitized.	Anaphylactic
a piece of clot that becomes loose and floats in the blood	embolus
inflammation of the vein	phlebitis
brachi/o	arm
cephal/o	head
clav/o	clavicle
cost/o	rib
celi/o	abdomen
gastr/o	stomach
splen/o	spleen
hepta/o	liver
enter/o	intestine
phren/o	diaphragm
ped/o	foot
stoma	mouth
sphygm/o	pulse
man/o	pressure
-ectomy	surgical removal
phleb/o	vein

- The abdominal aorta finally divides into two common iliac arteries

- The paired lateral branches of the abdominal aorta include right and left vessels * Phrenic Arteries- supply the diaphragm * Suprarenal Arteries- supply the adrenal glands * Renal Arteries- largest group carry blood to the kidneys * Ovarian Arteries & Testicular Arteries- supply the sex glands * Lumbar arteries- extend into the musculature of the abdominal wall. - The femoral artery is the vessel that gives rise to branches in the thigh and then becomes the popliteal artery which subdivides below the knee. - The Dorsalis pedis supplies the leg and foot. - The Subclavian artery supplies blood to the arm and head. - The vertebral artery supplies blood to the posterior portion of the brain - The radial artery goes down the thumb side of the forearm and wrist and the ulnar artery extends along the medial or little finger side into the hand - A communication between two vessels is called Anastomosis - The arteries of the circle of Willis include: * Anterior Communicating * Anterior Cerebral * Middle Cerebral * Internal Carotid * Posterior Communicating * Posterior Cerebral - The Basilar Artery is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries. - The superficial palmar arch is formed by the union of the radial and ulnar arteries in the hand. - The Mesenteric arches are made of communications between branches of the vessels that supply blood to the intestinal tract. - The Cephalic, the basilic and the median cubital veins are the largest veins at the front of the elbow where the injection sites are. - The body's longest veins are saphenous veins in the lower extremities, it begins in the foot and extends up the medial side of the leg, the knee and thigh and empties into the femoral vein near the groin. - The two jugular veins on each side of the neck drain the areas supplied by the carotid arteries; the internal jugular (largest of the 2 veins) receives blood from the large veins (cranial venous sinuses) that drain the head and also from regions of the face and neck. - The smaller external jugular drains the areas supplied by the external carotid artery. Both veins empty into the subclavian vein on the left and right. - A brachiocephalic vein is formed on each side by the union of the subclavian and the jugular veins

Remember there is only ONE brachiocephalic ARTERY*

- The veins from the head, neck, upper extremities and chest drain all into the superior vena cava. - The unpaired azygos vein drains the veins of the chest wall and empties into the superior vena cava just before the latter empties into the heart - The inferior vena cava which is much longer than the superior vena cava returns the blood from the parts of the body below the diaphragm. - The iliac veins, lumbar veins, testicular veins, ovarian veins, renal and suprarenal veins and hepatic veins empty directly into the inferior vena cava. - The unpaired veins that come from the spleen and parts of the digestive tract(stomach and intestine) empty into a vein called the Hepatic Portal Vein. -The Hepatic Portal Vein is a special system that circulates through the liver before returning to the heart. - A venous sinus is a large channel that drains deoxygenated blood but does not have the usual tubular structure of the veins

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