| Question |
Answer |
| Superficial Burn |
-Outer Epidermis
-red, slight edema
-no scarring |
| Superficial Partial-Thickness Burn |
-Epidermis + Upper Dermis
-extreme pain with blisters
-minimal to no scarring
|
| Deep Partial-Thickness Burn |
-Epidermis + most of Dermis
-discolored, broken blisters, edema
-moderate pain (damage to nerve endings)
-hypertrophic scars & keloids |
| Full-Thickness Burn |
-Epidermis+Dermis+ Subcutaneous fat(partial)
-minimal pain, eschar
-require grafts & susceptible to infection |
| Subdermal Burn |
-Epidermis + Dermis + Subcutaneous fat layer
-involve muscle & bone
-require surgery |
| Thermal Burn |
-Conduction or Convection
I.e. steam, fire, hot liquid |
| Electrical Burn |
-Entrance & Exit Wound
I.e. Lightening
Complications: cardiac, respiratory, renal, neuro., fractures |
| Chemical Burn |
-Chem. reaction continues until diluted
I.e. gasoline, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, lye |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body are the entire HEAD & NECK? (adult/young child)
|
Adult: 9%
Child: 17% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the ANTERIOR TRUNK? (adult/young child) |
Adult & Child: 18% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the POSTERIOR TRUNK? (adult/young child) |
Adult & Child: 18% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the ENTIRE TRUNK? (adult/young child) |
Adult & Child: 36% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is (B)ANTERIOR ARM, FOREARM & HAND? (adult/young child) |
Adult & Child: 9% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is (B)ENTIRE ARM, FOREARM & HAND? (adult/young child) |
Adult & Child: 18% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the LEFT ANTERIOR ARM, FOREARM & HAND? (adult/young child) |
Adult & Child: 4.5% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the GENITAL REGION? (adult/young child) |
Adult & Child: 1% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the (B) ANTERIOR LEG & FOOT?(adult/young child) |
Adult & Child: 18% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the RIGHT POSTERIOR LEG & FOOT? (adult/young child) |
Adult & Child: 9% |
| Zone of Coagulation |
-Most severe injury
-Irreversible cell damage |
| Zone of Stasis |
-Less severe injury
-Reversible damage
-Surrounds Zone of Coagulation |
| Zone of Hyperemia |
-Will fully recover
-Presents with Inflammation
-Surrounds Zone of Stasis |
| Ideal Positioning of the NECK |
extension |
| Ideal Positioning of the SHOULDER |
External rotation
Flexion, aBduction <90 degrees |
| Ideal Positioning of the ELBOW |
Extension,
Supination |
| Ideal Positioning of the WRIST |
Extension |
| Ideal Positioning of the HAND |
MCP flexion
IP extension
Thumb opposition
|
| Ideal Positioning of the HIP |
extension, neutral rotation
20 degrees aBduction |
| Ideal Positioning of the KNEE |
full extension |
| Ideal Positioning of the ANKLE |
dorsiflexion,
neutral eversion/inversion |
| Allograft (homograft) |
temporary skin graft from another human (cadaver) |
| Autograft |
permanent skin graft from pt’s own body |
| Heterograft (xenograft) |
temporary skin graft from another species (pig) |
| Mesh Graft |
altered to cover larger surface area |
| Sheet Graft |
transferred directly from donor site to recipient site |
| Split-Thickness Skin Graft |
only a superficial layer of the dermis + the epidermis |
| Full-Thickness Skin Graft |
dermis + epidermis |
| Dermis |
vascular; below epidermis; contains: hair follicles, sebaceous & sweat glands |
| Epidermis |
superficial avascular; allows for hair follicles, sebaceous & sweat glands |
| Donor Site |
healthy skin taken & used as a graft |
| Recipient Site |
site that has been burned and requires a graft |
| Eschar |
necrotic/nonviable tissue resulting from deep burn; hard, dry, abnormal, black |
| Escharotomy |
surgical removal of eschar…done to enhance CIRCULATION |
| Z-plasty |
surgical procedure to eliminate scar contracture…”z” incision allows scar to lengthen |
| Hypertrophic scarring |
abnormal/disorganized scar formation; raised, firm scar with no pattern |
| Normotrophic scarring |
scar with organized collagen fibers that align in a parallel fashion |
| Pressure Garments |
sustained pressure to improve structure of a scar; worn 22-23 hrs/day up to 2 yrs. |
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