| Question |
Answer |
| what is the energy required to break a bond? |
bond energy |
| this form of bonding consists of a metal with a nonmetal |
ionic |
| what law can be used to calculate the interaction energy between a pair of ions? |
coulomb's law |
| what is coulomb's law? |
e = (2.31 x 10^-29 J nm)(Q1Q2)/r |
| what kind of bonding shares electrons? |
covalent bonding |
| what is the name for the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons to itself? |
electronegativity |
| describe the trend in electronegativity on the periodic table. |
increases accross a period and decreases down a group |
| what type of bond has zero electronegativity? |
covalent |
| what type of bond has a large electronegativity? |
ionic |
| what type of bond is intermediate? |
polar covalent bond |
| what is a dipole? |
a molecule with a negative and positive center of charge |
| this is a bond between two nonmetals. |
covalent bond |
| relate size to nuclear charge |
size decreases as nuclear charge increases. |
| what is lattice energy? |
the change in energy that takes place when separated gaseous ions are packed together to form and ionic solid |
| lattice energy can be calculated using which changed law? |
coulomb's law with the constant as k |
| what is the equation for percent ionic character? |
(measured dipole moment of x-y/ calculated dipole moment of x-y) * 100% |
| describe the trend between ionic character and electronegativity |
ionic character increases with electronegativity |
| why do chemical bonds occur? |
to seek the lowest possible energy |
| endothermic or exothermic has a negative sign? |
exothermic |
| endothermic or exothermic has a positive sign? |
endothermic |
| rule for the change in bond energies |
change H = energy required-energy released |
| what are lone pairs? |
pairs of electrons localized and unbonded on an atom |
| what are bonding pairs? |
electrons found between the atoms in space that are bonded |
| what rule do most elements obey when forming lewis structures? |
octet rule |
| name exceptions to the octet rule |
period 3 elements, boron |
| what is resonance? |
more than one bond position |
| given the designation what is the name: AB2 |
linear (180) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB3 |
trigonal planar (120) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB4 |
tetrahedral (109) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB5 |
trigonal bipyramid (90) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB6 |
octahedral (90) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB2E |
bent/angular (120) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB3E |
trigonal pyramid (107) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB4E |
seesaw.sawhorse (90 and 120) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB5E |
square pyramid (90) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB2E2 |
bent/angular (105) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB3E2 |
t-shape(90) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB4E2 |
square planar (90) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB2E3 |
linear (180) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB3E3 |
t-shape (90) |
| given the designation what is the name: AB2E4 |
linear (180) |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
