* Cook Latin America

Description:	* Cook - Latin America History
Category:	History
Created by:	kcook on 2009-01-28

Question	Answer
Tenochtitlan	Aztec metropolis covering more than five square miles near modern Mexico City. Originally located on two small islands in Lake Texcoco, it gradually grew;One of two Aztec capital's, its NAME MEANING-- Stone rising in the water
Hernan Cortes	Spanish soldier who conquered the Aztecs. Landed in Mexico in 1519 in search of treasure.
Malinche (Dona Marina)	Daughter of Mayan leader. Malinche was called Dona Marina by Cortes. She spoke several languages in addition to Mayan. She quickly became Cortes's main translator. She also kept an eye on Aztec spies.
pok-atok	Game played by ancient Mayas. They had to hit a five-pound, six inch rubber ball through a stone hoop mounted 30ft. above ground
hieroglyphics	A system of writing using signs and symbols, used by the Maya and other cultures.
maize	Both the plant and the kernel of the corn. Maize and corn were Mayan farmers most important crop.
hornless deer	Aztecs had never seen horses before, so they believed horses were hornless deer
Moctezuma's spies	Montezuma was an Aztec ruler; he sent his spies to find out about a strange ship. The spies told Montezuma that the Spanish were coming.
Quetzalcoatl	According to the Aztec legend, Quetzalcoatl promised to return to rule the Aztecs. Montezuma thought Cortes might be the god Quetzalcoatl.
Inti	The sun God was worshiped by the Incas. They believed Inti was their parent. Incas referred to themselves as children of the sun.
quipu	a knotted string used by Inca government officials and traders for record keeping
Aqueduct	A pipe or channel used to carry water from a distant source to dry areas.
Mestizo	A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.
People of the sun	Incas (The sun God, Inti was an important God)
Pachacuti	In 1438 he became ruler of the Incas. His name means he who shakes the earth. He conquered people who lived near the Pacific Ocean and he demanded loyalty from the people he conquered. If the people were disloyal he forced them off their land.
Mayan disappearance	About 900 A.D Mayans suddenly left their cities. Could be due to crop failure, war disease, drought, or famine may have killed them. Or the people rebelled against the control of the priests and nobles..
Aztec Medicine	Used to lower fevers cure stomachs, and heal wounds. Aztec doctors made more than 1,000 medicines from plants.
Incans' clothing articles	Poncho's as well as other brightly woven colored complex pattern styles.
Incas spreading their news	Runners were spread along mountains roads. The 1st. runner would relay messages. Incas used this runners to spread news from one place in their empire to another. Incas carried news at a rate of 250 miles a day.
Atahualpa	Last sovereign emperor of the Inca Empire.
Quechua	a Native American language of South America. It was already widely spoken across the Central Andes long before the time of the Incas, who established it as the official language of administration for their Empire, and is still spoken today
Hernan Cortes	a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the King of Castile, in the early 16th century
Latin America	a region that consists of Mexico, Central America, South America and the Caribbean Islands
Aztecs	an early empire of Central Mexico during the fourteenth century. They built pyramids, houses, temples and aqueducts.
Aztecs	studied astronomy and created the 365 day calendar
Aztecs religion	offered praise to many gods. Chief among these was the sun god. To appease the sun god, the Aztecs practiced human sacrifice.
Incas	established an empire in modern-day Peru during the mid-fifteenth century.
Pachakuti	Incan king
Inca accomplishments	roads, irrigation systems, and aqueducts
Inca religion	worshiped many gods
Montezuma II	Under Montezuma II, the Aztec Empire reached its largest size
Smallpox	Spanish brought this disease with them to Latin America. Because the Aztecs had never experienced the disease before, their bodies had developed no immunity or natural defense against the disease.
Smallpox	killed a large portion of the population of the Aztecs
True or False: The Aztec and Inca tribes both lived in South America.	False; The Aztecs were located in Central Mexico
When the natives saw a horse for the very first time, what did they call it?	Hornless deer
Pachacuti was the ruler of which people?	Inca
True or False: The Spanish were Christians long before the Aztec began to follow that faith.	True
Which people used a Quipu for communication?	Inca
True or False: Who was the Spanish conquistador who toppled the Inca Empire?	Hernan Cortes
True or False: The English had 13 colonies in North America before the Spanish had even one colony.	false
A plantation owned by Spaniards or the Catholic Church.	Hacienda
A written agreement made between two or more countries.	Treaty
True or False: The tribes of the New World did not have guns or gunpowder before the Spanish came to their land.	true
A system of writing using signs and symbols.	Hieroglyphics
A pipe or channel that carries water from a distant source.	Aqueduct
True or False: Many parts of present-day United States were once ruled by the king of Spain.	True
Corn; The main food of the Maya.	Maize
Incan information recording device.	Quipu
People of mixed Spanish and Native American Descent.	Mestizos
Conquerors working for the Spanish government.	Conquistadors
The city of Tenochtitlan was the center of which ancient civilization?	Aztec
Today, most people of Mayan descent live in	Central America and Mexico
Aztec doctors made more than 1,000 medicines from	Plants
Mayan and modern cultures	People eat maize
The Aztecs learned many new ideas by	Studying the stars
Brazil was once a colony of which European country?	Portugal
Who helped Hernan Cortes defeat the Aztecs by serving as a translator?	Malinche (Dona Marina)
When Hernan Cortes traveled to Mexico. What did he want?	Gold
Why did most explorers go to the New World	To find gold
The Line of Demarcation showed what?	the divide of new lands claimed by Portugal from those of Spain.
The Aztecs built a great civilization in the area now called	The Aztecs first settled in the area of Middle America that is now Mexico City about AD 1200.
When Columbus sailed west from Europe he expected to reach _____instead of North America.	Asia
What was the capital city of the Incan empire?	Cuzco
What are stone channels designed to carry water?	aqueducts
What are knotted strings used for communication?	quipu
What happened to Native Americans as Europeans began to build colonies in the Americas?	They were forced to work as slaves and many died from diseases.
Inca religion	worshiped the dead, ancestors, founding culture heroes, their king whom they regarded as divine, nature and its cycles. The worship of nature and its cycles suggest that for them time and space were sacred, and consequently the calendar was religious an
Which foods or animals were NOT in the Americas before the time of Christopher Columbus?	horse,sheep, cattle, and pigs
Who was the Spanish conquistador who toppled the Aztec empire?	Cortes
Who was the Spanish conquistador who toppled the Inca Empire?	Francisco Pizarro
Who was a famous Incan leader who was so powerful that he was called “he who shakes the Earth”?	Pachacuti
What caused the end of the Aztec empire?	In 1520 the Spanish attacked the Aztec’s capital city and destroyed their civilization. That was the end of the Aztec’s mighty empire.
Who did the Aztecs believe that Cortes was at first?	Quetzalcoatl
What is a tribute?	taxes paid to the Aztec conquerers
What are knotted strings used for communication?	quipu
What was the capital city of the Inca empire?	Cuzco
What is the Inca language that is still spoken today?	Quechua is a Native American language of South America.
What was the amount that conquistadors had to pay to Spain?	1/5 of all treasure
Who was credited with opening up the Americas to Spanish colonization?	Christopher Columbus
What was the area claimed by Portugal called?	Brazil
What is a Spanish plantation?	Hacienda
What was the name of the exchange of goods between the Old and New Worlds?	Columbia Exchange
Why did the Native Americans die when exposed to explorers and settlers?	They had not developed immunity against diseases brought to them by the exploreres such as smallpox.
What was a tax paid to Aztec conquerors called?	tribute
Road systems were a major accomplishment to which people?	Inca
What present day region was the home of the Maya?	Central Mexico and Southwestern United States