| Question |
Answer |
| Bag or sac |
cysto |
| Bile ducts |
cholangio |
| biliary stenosis |
narrowing of bile ducts |
| cholecystitis |
acut or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Cholelithiasis |
presence of gallstones |
| Cholangiogram |
radiographic exam of the biliary ducts |
| Choledocholithiasis |
calculus in the common bile duct |
| Radiographic examination of the gallbladder |
cholecystogram |
| PTC |
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography; direct puncture of biliary ducts |
| Choledochus |
common bile duct |
| T-tube cholangiography |
conrast administered via catheter tube left after cholecystectomy |
| OCG |
oral cystography; gallbladder demonstrated after administration of oral contrast |
| Contrast introduced into hepatopancreatic ampulla via cannula inserted through endoscope. |
ERCP -endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| Why is it important not to introduce air bubbles with the contrast media? |
They can be mistaken as radiolucent stones |
| Bile is produced by the _____. |
liver |
| Bile draines from the liver via the _____. |
Right and left hepatic ducts |
| The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct form the ________. |
common bile duct |
| Where is the gallbladder located? |
In an imression on the undersurface of the liver. |
| List three indications for biliary tract examinations. |
jaundice, stones, stenosis |
| What is the most common radiographic diagnostic procedure used to study the gallbladder? |
oral cholesytogram |
| The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct join and enter which portion of the small bowel? |
descending duodenum |
| What is the most common pathological reason for performing an oral cholecystogram? |
cholelithiasis |
| A patient that has had their gallbladder removed is known as _____. |
cholecystectomized patient |
| These two projections would demonstrate stratification of stones? |
right lateral decubitus and upright projection |
| The pancreatic and common bile duct terminate at the ____. |
ampulla of vater |
| Which duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct? |
cystic duct |
| Through what must the endoscopist pass the cannula from the duodenum into the common bile duct? |
hepaopancreatic sphincter |
| What substance activates the muscular contraction of the gallbladder? |
cholecystokinin |
| Cholecystogram |
radiographic study of the gallbladder |
| Radographic exam of the gallbladder and biliary ducts. |
cholecystangiography |
| What is the largest gland in the body? |
liver |
| What divides the liver into two major lobes? |
falciform ligament |
| What are the two minor lobes of the liver? |
caudate and quadrate lobes |
| What are the two blood supplies to the liver? |
hepatic artery and portal vein |
| What is the primary function of the liver? |
production of bile |
| What is the flow of bile through the gallbladder to the descending duodenum? |
Right and left hepatic ducts from liver joint to form the common hepatic duct ->joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct ->joins the pancreatic duct -> into the descending duodenum via ampulla of vater which is controlled by sphincter of oddi |
| What is the function of the gallbladder? |
stores bile and emulsifies fat |
| This procedure examines the concentration and emptying power of te gallbladder. |
Oral cholecystography |
| What radiographic position will differentiate between the kidney and gallstones in an oral cholecystography? |
right lateral |
| Procedure done with a special chiba needle, right side of patient is draped and patient is supine, water soluble iodinated contrast is injected directly under fluoro ito ducts. |
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) |
| Postoperative (T Tube) cholangiography |
performed via a t shaped tube left in the common hepatic and common bile ducts for postoperative drainage |
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