18 Week Benchmark Ex

Description:	18 Week Benchmark Exam Study Guide
Category:	Biology
Created by:	morbidloner66 on 2008-12-16

Question	Answer
1) List the steps of the scientific method and define/explain each.	State the problem; form a hypothesis; do the experiment; analyze data; form conclusion; report your findings
2) What is a scientific theory?	Something that a scientist believes to be true
3) What is the term for the “variety of life across the biosphere”?	biodiversity
4) Define evolution.	. Genetic changes in living things over time; change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
5) What is homeostasis? Give an example.	Maintaining the body’s balance…Respiration increase, temperature
6) Where is the greatest biodiversity found?	Equator; tropical rainforest
7) Name the 4 main types of carbon-based molecules in organisms.	Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
8) Explain the lock-and-key model of enzyme function. Describe each step.	Enzyme/substrate bond, the enzyme causes new bonds to form between the substrate, new product is released from enzyme
9) What macromolecule includes enzymes?	Proteins
10) What macromolecule includes hormones?	Fat, oils, cholesterol – lipids
11) Can enzymes fit with any substrate?	No, enzymes are specifically matched to their substrates
12) How do enzymes work?	By increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
13) Describe the rough ER and what it does.	Studded with ribosomes, transportation highway
14) Name the organelles found only in plant cells.	Chloroplast, cell wall, LARGE vacuole
15) What are 2 examples of nucleic acids?	RNA and DNA
16) Define facilitated diffusion. Does it require energy?	No
17) What is the “cell theory”?	all living things are made up of cells; cells are the basic unit or structure and function of all living things; cells can only come from other cells
18) What is the job of the nucleus?	It contains genetic material and instructions for the cell
19) In a hypotonic solution, does water enter the cell or leave it?	Enters it
20) What is osmosis?	The movement of water from an area of greater concentration to lower concentration
21) What is the job of the mitochondria?	Cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
22) What is the name of the process that breaks glucose down into the pyruvate that is used in cellular respiration?	Gycolysis
23) Where does the aerobic stage of cellular respiration take place?	mitochondria
24) Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration?	C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
25) Define adaptation.	The feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment
26) What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches (a bird) in the Galapagos Islands?	Different species of finches lived on different islands
27) Charles Darwin found fossils that looked like ancient versions of living species. This evidence suggested that the earth was how old?	More than 6000 years old
28) Natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits that are what?	Inheritable
29) Which theory ties the fields of biology and geology together?	Evolution
30) In his study of the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin saw different species of finch on different islands. This led him to theorize that species do what?	Can adapt to their environment
31) The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called what?	A variation
32) In the 1860’s, what single-celled organism was placed in their own kingdom?	Protista
33) Scientist Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into what two kingdoms?	Bacteria and Archabacteria
34) How do bacteria and archabacteria differ?	In the environments in which they live
35) In the scientific name Homo sapien, which word is the genus name?	Homo
36) The genetic material of a viroid is a __________.	Single-stranded RNA
37) What is a “lysogenic infection”.	When genetic material of a virus combines with a host cell’s DNA
38) What type of environment can an archabacteria live in?	extreme/harsh environments
40) What is a zygospore?	The fusing of 2 gametes in fungal hyphae
41) Why are euglenoids both plantlike and animal-like?	Because they are photosynthetic
42) What is formed from pseudopods engulfing food particles?	Food vacuoles
43) What is the structure called that is a mass of hypha that grows to a vast size underground (in fungus)?	mycelium
44) What is the reproductive structure of the fungus that grows above ground?	The fruiting body
45) What is the first thing you should do before starting an experiment?	Read the instructions
46) What are basidia?	The reproductive structures of the club fungi, found on the underside of the cap
1) List the steps of the scientific method and define/explain each.	State the problem; form a hypothesis; do the experiment; analyze data; form conclusion; report your findings
2) What is a scientific theory?	Something that a scientist believes to be true
3) What is the term for the “variety of life across the biosphere”?	biodiversity
4) Define evolution.	. Genetic changes in living things over time; change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
5) What is homeostasis? Give an example.	Maintaining the body’s balance…Respiration increase, temperature
6) Where is the greatest biodiversity found?	Equator; tropical rainforest
7) Name the 4 main types of carbon-based molecules in organisms.	Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
8) Explain the lock-and-key model of enzyme function. Describe each step.	Enzyme/substrate bond, the enzyme causes new bonds to form between the substrate, new product is released from enzyme
9) What macromolecule includes enzymes?	Proteins
10) What macromolecule includes hormones?	Fat, oils, cholesterol – lipids
11) Can enzymes fit with any substrate?	No, enzymes are specifically matched to their substrates
12) How do enzymes work?	By increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
13) Describe the rough ER and what it does.	Studded with ribosomes, transportation highway
14) Name the organelles found only in plant cells.	Chloroplast, cell wall, LARGE vacuole
15) What are 2 examples of nucleic acids?	RNA and DNA
16) Define facilitated diffusion. Does it require energy?	No
17) What is the “cell theory”?	all living things are made up of cells; cells are the basic unit or structure and function of all living things; cells can only come from other cells
18) What is the job of the nucleus?	It contains genetic material and instructions for the cell
19) In a hypotonic solution, does water enter the cell or leave it?	Enters it
20) What is osmosis?	The movement of water from an area of greater concentration to lower concentration
21) What is the job of the mitochondria?	Cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
22) What is the name of the process that breaks glucose down into the pyruvate that is used in cellular respiration?	Gycolysis
23) Where does the aerobic stage of cellular respiration take place?	mitochondria
24) Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration?	C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
25) Define adaptation.	The feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment
26) What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches (a bird) in the Galapagos Islands?	Different species of finches lived on different islands
27) Charles Darwin found fossils that looked like ancient versions of living species. This evidence suggested that the earth was how old?	More than 6000 years old
28) Natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits that are what?	Inheritable
29) Which theory ties the fields of biology and geology together?	Evolution
30) In his study of the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin saw different species of finch on different islands. This led him to theorize that species do what?	Can adapt to their environment
31) The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called what?	A variation
32) In the 1860’s, what single-celled organism was placed in their own kingdom?	Protista
33) Scientist Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into what two kingdoms?	Bacteria and Archabacteria
34) How do bacteria and archabacteria differ?	In the environments in which they live
35) In the scientific name Homo sapien, which word is the genus name?	Homo
36) The genetic material of a viroid is a __________.	Single-stranded RNA
37) What is a “lysogenic infection”.	When genetic material of a virus combines with a host cell’s DNA
38) What type of environment can an archabacteria live in?	extreme/harsh environments
40) What is a zygospore?	The fusing of 2 gametes in fungal hyphae
41) Why are euglenoids both plantlike and animal-like?	Because they are photosynthetic
42) What is formed from pseudopods engulfing food particles?	Food vacuoles
43) What is the structure called that is a mass of hypha that grows to a vast size underground (in fungus)?	mycelium
44) What is the reproductive structure of the fungus that grows above ground?	The fruiting body
45) What is the first thing you should do before starting an experiment?	Read the instructions
46) What are basidia?	The reproductive structures of the club fungi, found on the underside of the cap
1) List the steps of the scientific method and define/explain each.	State the problem; form a hypothesis; do the experiment; analyze data; form conclusion; report your findings
2) What is a scientific theory?	Something that a scientist believes to be true
3) What is the term for the “variety of life across the biosphere”?	biodiversity
4) Define evolution.	. Genetic changes in living things over time; change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
5) What is homeostasis? Give an example.	Maintaining the body’s balance…Respiration increase, temperature
6) Where is the greatest biodiversity found?	Equator; tropical rainforest
7) Name the 4 main types of carbon-based molecules in organisms.	Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
8) Explain the lock-and-key model of enzyme function. Describe each step.	Enzyme/substrate bond, the enzyme causes new bonds to form between the substrate, new product is released from enzyme
9) What macromolecule includes enzymes?	Proteins
10) What macromolecule includes hormones?	Fat, oils, cholesterol – lipids
11) Can enzymes fit with any substrate?	No, enzymes are specifically matched to their substrates
12) How do enzymes work?	By increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
13) Describe the rough ER and what it does.	Studded with ribosomes, transportation highway
14) Name the organelles found only in plant cells.	Chloroplast, cell wall, LARGE vacuole
15) What are 2 examples of nucleic acids?	RNA and DNA
16) Define facilitated diffusion. Does it require energy?	No
17) What is the “cell theory”?	all living things are made up of cells; cells are the basic unit or structure and function of all living things; cells can only come from other cells
18) What is the job of the nucleus?	It contains genetic material and instructions for the cell
19) In a hypotonic solution, does water enter the cell or leave it?	Enters it
20) What is osmosis?	The movement of water from an area of greater concentration to lower concentration
21) What is the job of the mitochondria?	Cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
22) What is the name of the process that breaks glucose down into the pyruvate that is used in cellular respiration?	Gycolysis
23) Where does the aerobic stage of cellular respiration take place?	mitochondria
24) Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration?	C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
25) Define adaptation.	The feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment
26) What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches (a bird) in the Galapagos Islands?	Different species of finches lived on different islands
27) Charles Darwin found fossils that looked like ancient versions of living species. This evidence suggested that the earth was how old?	More than 6000 years old
28) Natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits that are what?	Inheritable
29) Which theory ties the fields of biology and geology together?	Evolution
30) In his study of the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin saw different species of finch on different islands. This led him to theorize that species do what?	Can adapt to their environment
31) The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called what?	A variation
32) In the 1860’s, what single-celled organism was placed in their own kingdom?	Protista
33) Scientist Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into what two kingdoms?	Bacteria and Archabacteria
34) How do bacteria and archabacteria differ?	In the environments in which they live
35) In the scientific name Homo sapien, which word is the genus name?	Homo
36) The genetic material of a viroid is a __________.	Single-stranded RNA
37) What is a “lysogenic infection”.	When genetic material of a virus combines with a host cell’s DNA
38) What type of environment can an archabacteria live in?	extreme/harsh environments
40) What is a zygospore?	The fusing of 2 gametes in fungal hyphae
41) Why are euglenoids both plantlike and animal-like?	Because they are photosynthetic
42) What is formed from pseudopods engulfing food particles?	Food vacuoles
43) What is the structure called that is a mass of hypha that grows to a vast size underground (in fungus)?	mycelium
44) What is the reproductive structure of the fungus that grows above ground?	The fruiting body
45) What is the first thing you should do before starting an experiment?	Read the instructions
46) What are basidia?	The reproductive structures of the club fungi, found on the underside of the cap