| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Which is the best way to solicit citzen input in plan making? | Neighborhood group leaders and citizen committees |
| Which generates the most effective adequate citizen participation? | Developing a multi-faceted public information program |
| Common citizen surveys | mailed-inexpensive but slow, telephone-fast,cheaper but some no phone & must have interviewers, in-person-works well but very expensive & could be bias. |
| Charrette | Intensive interactive problem-solving process convened around development of specific plans. Experts within & outside community. |
| Task Force | agency-sponsored committee with a specific task related to a single problem. |
| Citizen Advisory Committee | Citizens groups presumed to represent the ideas and attitudes of local residents. Purpose to advise planning agency. |
| Citizen referendum | Citizens vote their approval or disapproval of a public measure by official ballot. |
| Delphi technique | used to develop consensus between two or more groups that are in conflict. Develop goals & objectives. Group facilitation skills. |
| Focus Groups | Representative sample of a community. Facilitated in an informal setting directed toward a specific subject. |
| Alinsky's Org: Paul Alinsky | Funding guarantee; paid organizer to neighborhood or community;Organizer identifies problem, develop citizen awareness with them & action; power is basis for successfully negotiating for economic and political gains. |
| Advocacy Planning: Paul Davidoff | Planner takes into account interests of those affected by plan; planners involved in political process as advocates for interests of gov and groups-mostly low income & minority. |
| Ladder of Citizen Participation: Sherry R. Arnstein | Defines citizen participation in terms of amount of control citizens have over policy decision. without distribution of power citizen participation is "empty ritual". |
| Citizen Participation & Code of Ethics | Continuing responsibility of professional planners; include disadvantaged citizens; special efforts required to reach disadvantaged; "Planners primary obligation is to serve the public interest". |
