| Question |
Answer |
| which endocrine organ is the president? |
hypothalamus |
| which endocrine organ is the vice-president? |
pituitary |
| which part of the pituitary is anterior? |
adenohypophysis |
| what is another name for the adenohypophysis? |
pars distalis |
| what are the 3 cell types in the adenohypophysis? |
basophils, acidophils, chromophobes |
| which is smaller, basophils or acidophils? |
acidophils |
| what are the three basophilic cells? what do they secrete? where are they found? |
thyrotropes, corticotropes, gonadotropes; tsh, acth, fsh & lh; adenohypophysis |
| what are the two acidophilic cells? what do they secrete? where are they found? |
somatotropes and mammotrophs; growth hormone and prolactin; adenohypophysis |
| what does acth do? where does this have its effect? |
stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis; adrenal zona fasiculata and reticularis |
| what does tsh do? where does this have its effect? |
stimulates production of thyroid hormones; follicular cells |
| what does fsh do? where does this have its effect? |
stimulates follicle development and androgen-binding production in sertoli cells; ovaries and testes |
| what does lh do? where does this have its effect? |
stimulates steroidogenesis in ovarian follicles, corpus leuteum, and leydig cells (testosterone); ovary and testes |
| what are the support cells for the neurohypophysis? what cell provides these with materials to do so? |
pituicytes; herring bodies |
| what two hormones are produced in the neurohypophysis? what do these hormones do? |
adh and oxytocin; stimulates water resorbtion in the renal medulla; stimulates smooth muscle contraction (causes contractions and milk ejection) |
| what are the two cell types of the thyroid? |
follicular and parafollicular |
| which cells are also called c cells? what do they produce? |
parafollicular; calcitonin |
| what cells are also called principle or epithelial cells? what do they produce? what kind of epithelium? |
follicular; T3 and T4; simple cuboidal |
| what is the pink in the thyroid glands? |
inactive hormone (iodinated thyroglobulin) |
| what disorder is the result of circulating immunoglobulin that binds and perpetually activates the tsh receptor? |
hyperthyroidism (grave's disease) |
| what disease is the result of autoimmune destruction of thyroid? |
hypothyroidism (hasimoto's disease) |
| describe morphology of hashimoto's disease? |
infiltration of lymphs and plasma cells, may see germinal centers |
| what does calcitonin do? |
calcitonin suppresses bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity |
| thyroid produces more t3 or t4? which is more potent? |
t4; t3 |
| t3 or t4, which is converted to the other in the liver? |
t4 converted to t3 |
| where are parathyroid glands found and how many? |
on posterior thyroid; 4 |
| what cells are in the parathyroid gland? what is their function? |
principle cells and oxyphil cells; secretes parathyroid hormone, which increases osteoclast activity; oxyphil cells is unknown |
| parathyroid principle cells are sometimes called what? |
chief cells |
| what does the zona glomerulosa secrete? what does it regulate? |
aldosterone (mineralocorticoids); blood pressure via salt resorbtion |
| what does the zona fasiculata secrete? what does it regulate? |
glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone); carbohydrate metabolism to raise blood glucose |
| what does the zona reticularis secrete? what does it regulate? |
androgens DHEA and androstenedione; sex hormones |
| what does the adrenal medulla secrete? |
norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| where is the pineal gland located? what is its function? |
near ventricles of brain; controls 24 hour cycles and hormonal levels, senses light and dark |
| what are the 3 cell types of the pancreas? what do they produce? what are their effects? |
alpha, beta, delta; glucagon, insulin, somatostatin; raise glucose levels, lower glucose levels; inhibit release of insulin and glucagon |
| where do enteroendocrine cells exist? |
in pits of GI glands |
| hypersecretion of cortisol leads to what disease? |
cushing's syndrome |
| hyposecretion of adrenal cortex leads to what disease? |
addison's disease |
mr. charles11
