| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| 1815 | Napoelon exiled; Congress of Vienna ends |
| 1818 | Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle |
| 1819 | Carlsbad Decrees; Peterloos massacre |
| 1820 | Congress of Troppau |
| 1822 | Congress of Verona |
| 1823 | Monroe Doctrine |
| 1824 | Charles X becomes last Burbon king of France |
| 1825 | Decmbrist Revolt in Russia; Nicholas I becomes czar |
| 1830 | revolutions in Belgium and France; "July Monarchy" of Louis Philippe; Polish revolt put down |
| 1832 | First Reform Bill passed |
| 1833 | slavery abolished in British empire |
| 1837 | Victoria becomes queen |
| 1838 | Charist movement begins in England |
| 1839 | First Opium War begins |
| 1842 | Mines Act; Treaty Systems begins on the China coast |
| 1848 | year of Revolution; Second French Republic; The Communist Manifesto |
| 1852 | Napoleon III; Second French Empire |
| 1854 | Perry's "Black Ships" open Japan to west; Crimean War begins |
| 1857 | Sepoy Mutiny |
| 1858 | Second "Treaty System" in China; formation of Rumania |
| 1859 | War of Italian of Unification; Darwin |
| 1860 | Russians found Vladivostok |
| 1861 | emanicipation of serfs in Russia |
| 1863 | Maximilian installed by French as "Emperor of Mexico" |
| 1864 | First Socialist International Proclamation; Bismarck's Danish War |
| 1866 | Bismarck's Seven Weeks' War with Austria |
| 1867 | Second Reform Bill passed in England; Dominion of Canada; Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary |
| 1870 | Franco-Prussian War; Vatican Council I |
| congress system | Foreshadowed in the treaty of Chaumont 1815, when the principal allies in the last coalition resolved to remain united to safeguard the peace settlements. Congresses met four times, at Aix-la-Chapelle (1818), Troppau (1820), Laibach (1821), Verona (1822) |
| Aix-la-Chapelle (1818) | _____ meeting was harmonious. The allied army of occupation in France was to be withdrawn and France admitted to the union. |
| Troppau (1820) | Britain and France did not send representatives to the ___ meeting, called by the tsar to consider revolutionary outbreaks in Spain and Italy. The three eastern powers signed the ___ declaration, asserting right to intervene against revolutions. |
| Mines Act | 1842. Investigations into coal-mines revealed the extent abuses. The first report on the employment of children in 1842 caused a sensation. Lord Ashley Shaftesbury steered through the ____ =forbade the employment of women underground and boys below 10. |
| Verona (1822) | Discussed mainly Spain. Britain had to allow French intervention. The congress system broke down because divergent aims of its members, the eastern powers wishing to use it to ‘police’ Europe, Britain insisting that it was intended only to secure the peac |
| Ausgleich | Constitutional compromise between Hungary and the AUSTRIAN EMPIRE following the defeat of Austria in Italy and Germany. Granted Hungary own parliament and constitution but retaining Francis Joseph as King of Hungary= dual monarchy, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. |
| Carbonari | A secret nationalistic revolutionary society formed in Italy that was active in France and the Iberian Peninsula. |
| Ems telegram | A dispatch from the Prussian king WILLIAM I to his chancellor, BISMARCK , that precipitated the outbreak of the FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR . |
| falloux law | reactionary act granting legal status to independent secondary schools in France. |
| July Ordinances | dissolved the chamber of deputies, reduced the electorate and imposed rigid press censorship. Charles X was forced to abdicate and Louis Philippe was proclaimed king with a more liberal constitution. |
| Meiji Constitution | constitution of the restored imperial Japanese state |
