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Block 4
Urogenital Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Both the urinary system and genital system develop from what mesoderm on the posterior abdominal wall? | Intermediate mesoderm |
| What are the three kidney systems that develop during intrauterine life? | Pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros |
| The pronephros develops and regresses when? | 4th week (rudimentary and nonfunctional) |
| Mesonephros and mesonephric ducts develop from where? | The upper thoracic to the upper lumbar region |
| Mesonephros develops when? | As the pronephros begins to regress |
| Mesonephros excretory tubules appear as S-shaped loops that acquire glomeruli and form what? | Renal corpuscles at the medial extent |
| Laterally, the mesonephros tubules enters what? | Longitudinal collecting duct (mesonephric or Wolffian duct) |
| In the middle of the second month the developing gonad is located where? | On the medial side of the mesonephros |
| By the end of the second month most of the excretory tube has what? | Degenerated |
| In males, a few caudal tubules and the mesonephric duct persists and becomes what? | Becomes part of the genital system. |
| The metanephros appears when? | 5th week |
| Excretory units of the metanephros develops from what? | Metanephric mesoderm |
| The collecting duct develops from what? | Ureteric bud (an outgrowth of the mesonephric duct near the cloaca) |
| 1st generation of tubules in the metanephros forms what? | Major calyces |
| 2nd generation of tubules in the metanephros kidney does what? | Absorbs the 3rd and 4th generations forming the minor calyces. |
| Subsequent generations of tubules from the metanephros does what? | Elongate forming the renal pelvis |
| Ureteric bud gives rise to what other structures? | Ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and all the collecting ducts and tubules. |
| Metanephric tissue covering the collecting tubules is induced to form epithelial structures called what? | Renal vesicles |
| Renal vesicles form what? | Tubular structures (capillaries grow into the pocket at one end and differentiates into the glomeruli) |
| The glomerulus and tubule epithelium form what? | Renal corpuscles at one end of the tubule. The other end connects with collecting tubule. |
| Continued growth of the tubule forms what? | Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule |
| The excretory units, the nephrons, are derived from what? | Metanephric mesoderm |
| Nephrons form until when? | Birth |
| Urine production begins when? | Week 12 |
| Congenital polycystic kidney disease of autosomal recessive affects what structure? | Collecting duct |
| Congenital polycystic kidney disease of autosomal dominant affects what structure? | All segments of the nephron |
| Kidneys form where during development? | Pelvis, then ascend to the higher position in the abdomen |
| Problems involving kidney ascent is related to what? | The kidney fitting through the fork of the umbilical arteries |
| A horseshoe kidney has what dysfunction? | Fused lower poles (gets caught on the inferior mesenteric artery) |
| During the 4th-7th week the cloaca divides into what 2 structures? | Urogenital sinus (anteriorly) and the anal canal (posteriorly) |
| The tip of the urorectal septum that divides the cloaca forms what? | The perineal body |
| What are the three parts of the urogenital sinus? | Urinary bladder, pelvic part and phallic part |
| The upper largest part of the urogenital sinus, initially continuous with the allantois is called what? | Urinary bladder |
| When the allantois obliterates it forms a fibrous cord that connects what 2 structures? | Apex of the bladder to the umbilicus |
| During differentiation of the cloaca, the distal portions of the mesophrenic ducts are incorporated where? | Urinary bladder |
| The distal portions of the mesophrenic ducts are incorporated in the area called what? | Trigone area |
| Result of the trigone area is what? | The ureters are separated and enter the bladder seperately. |
| The new mesonephric duct segments become what? | Ejaculatory ducts |
| The pelvic part of the urogenital sinus gives rise to what? | Prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra in males |
| The phallic part will form what in males? | Penile urethra |
| Ath the end of the 3rd month, the epithelium of the prostatic urethra begins to proliferate and forms outgrowths that form what? | Prostate gland (males) and urethral and paraurethral glands (females) |
Created by:
shuckybean