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Block 4

Endocrine Organs: Adrenal Glands

QuestionAnswer
The adrenal cortex secretes what? Steroid hormones
The adrenal medulla secretes what? Catecholamines
The cortical cells of the adrenal medulla originate from what? Mesodermal mesenchyme
The adrenal medulla originates from what? NEURAL CREST CELLS
What three arteries supply the adrenal gland? Superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries
The medulla receives dual blood supply from where? Arterial blood from the medullary arterioles and venous blood from the cortical sinusoids that have already supplied the cortex.
Venules that arise from the cortical and medullary capillaries drain into the small adrenomedullary collecting veins that join to form what? The central adrenomedullary (adrenal) vein
The central adrenomedullary vein and its tributaries are unusual because....? They have a tunica media containing longitudinally oriented bundles of smooth miscle
What are the three zones of the adrenal gland? Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis
The zona glomerulosa cell clusters contain what? Abundant SER, Golgi complexes, large mitochondria, free ribosomes, and some RER
What does the zona glomerulosa secrete? Mineralocorticoids (regulated Na and K homeostasis and water balance)
What effects does aldosterone have? Acts on the distal tubules of the nephron, gastric mucosa and salivary/sweat glands to stimulate resorption of Na and excretion of K by the kidneys.
Renin is released by what? Juxtaglomerular cell in the kidney
Renin is released in response to what? Decrease in BP or low Na levels
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system provides feedback control of what? Zona glomerulosa
Angiotensinogen is converted to what? By what? Angiotesin I, renin
Angiotesin I is converted to what? By what? Where? Angiotensin II, ACE, in the lung
Angiotensin II stimulates the zona glomerulosa to secrete what? Aldosterone
ACE inhibitors are effective in the treatment of what? Chronic hypertension
Cells of the zona fasciculata have what? Highly developed SER (indicative of steroid secretion), well developed Golgi apparatus and RER
Zona fasciculata secrete what? Glucocorticoids (cortisol), also small amounts of gonadocorticoids (particularly androgens)
What effects does cortisol have? Increases the availability of glucose and fatty acids (immediate energy sources)
Glucocorticoids have what general effect? Depress the immune and inflammatory response (inhibits wound healing) also stimulates the destruction of lymphocytes in lymph nodes.
The zona fasciculata is regulated by what? ACTH
Secretions of the zona fasciculata is under the feedback control of what? CRH-ACTH system
ACTH is necessary for what? Cell growth and maintenance
The principal secretion of the zona reticularis consists of what? Weak androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
The zona reticularis is under the feedback control of what? CRH-ATCH system
What are chromaffin cells? Modified neurons
Chromaffin cells release their secretory products when what happens? When stimuated by impulses by sympathetic fibers
Chromaffin cells secrete what? Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Chromaffin cells are considered to be what? Postganglionic neurons (however they lack axons)
Large dense core vesicles of chromaffin cells secrete what Norepinephrine
Smaller, less dense vesicles of chromaffin cells secrete what? Epinephrine
Glucocorticoids secreted in the cortex induces what? The conversion of norepinephine to epinephrine
Created by: shuckybean
 

 



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