| Question |
Answer |
| What are the three cell types found in the pars distalis |
Acidophils, basophils and chromophobes |
| What do somatotrophs secrete |
Growth Hormone (GH) |
| What do mammotrophs secrete |
Prolactin |
| What are the acidophils |
Somatotrophs and mammotrophs |
| What are the basophils |
Thryotrophs, Gonadotrophs, and corticotrophs |
| What do the thryotrophs secrete |
TSH |
| TSH causes the release of what |
thyroxine and triiodothryonine |
| Gonadotrophs release what |
FSH |
| What do Corticotrophs release |
ACTH |
| What does the release of ACTH trigger |
The release of glucocorticoids |
| What is another name for the posterior portion of the pituitary |
pars nervosa (neurohypophysis) |
| What are Herring bodies |
Stores of oxytocin and ADH in the axon terminals |
| What are pituicytes |
support cells found in the pars nervosa |
| What does the release of oxytocin cause |
smooth muscle contraction, milk release, and uterine contractions |
| What organ/gland appears to look like bubble gum |
thyroid |
| Another name for parafollicular cells |
C-cells |
| What do C-cells secrete |
calcitonin |
| Are C-cells part of the epithelium in the thyroid |
NO! |
| Calcitonin limits the activity of what |
osteoclast |
| Would high or low levels of blood calcium stimulate calcitonin |
high |
| Principal cells are another name for what |
Follicular cells |
| What do principle/follicular cells release |
T3 and T4 hormones |
| What do T3 and T4 hormones cuases |
increase in basal metabolic rate, increase in CO, increase food consumption, cartilage growth, and other energy requring cell functions |
| What mainly makes up the colloid in the thyroid gland |
inactive thyroid hormone (thryoglobulin) |
| What is hashimoto's disease |
An autoimmune disease that causes destruction of the thyroid resulting in hypothyroidism |
| What is another name for hyperthyroidism |
thryotoxicosis |
| Symptoms of hyperthyroidism |
fatigue, weight loss, rapid pulse, red eyes, nervousness, sweating, heat intolerance, etc... |
| How many parathyroid glands usually exist |
4 |
| Where are they located (general) |
posterior of thyroid |
| PTH is released by what gland |
parathyroid glands |
| What action does PTH have on osteoclast |
increases their activity |
| What else does PTH regulate |
phosphate levels |
| What function does the pineal gland serve |
24 hour cyclic release of hormones |
| What are three symptoms releated to hyperparathyroidism |
kidney stones, bone loss, and muscular weakness |
| Surgical removal of the thyroid could result in what disorder |
hypothyroidism |
| Low blood calcium levels could maifest as what |
muscle cramps and tingling in fingers and toes |
| The pineal gland works in harmony with what other gland |
hypothalamus |
| From superficial to deep, name the zones adrenal cortex |
zona Glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticulais |
| What does the zona glomerulosa secrete/control |
mineralcorticoids (mainly aldosterone) in response to angiotensin II |
| What does the cytoplasm of the zona glomerulosa stain |
acidophilic |
| What is the thickest layer of the cortex |
zona fasciulata |
| What does the zona fasiculata secrete |
glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) in response to ACTH |
| What does the zona reicularis secrete |
small amounts of glucocorticoids, and DHEA and androstenedione |
| What is Cushings syndrome |
hypersecretion of cortisol and androgens |
| What is addisons disease |
hyposecretion of adrenal cortex |
| Name the three cell types in the islets of langerhans |
Alpha cells, beta cells, and delta cells |
| Describe Alpha cells |
make up 20% of cells and secrete glucagon |
| Describe Beta cells |
make up 70% of cells and secrete insulin |
| Describe Delta cells |
make up 5-10% and secrete somatostatin |
| Where do centerendocrine cells hang out in the GI |
crypts of lieberkuhn |
Spanish 3
