| Question |
Answer |
| What is the function of cervical vertebrae (3)? |
serve to stabilize and support the head. Permit motion of the head and neck. Provide protection and housing for the cervical spinal cord and nerve roots and vertebral artery. |
| What kind of symptoms occur with cervical spine dysfunction? |
head, neck and upper extremity |
| What is the most common mechanism of injury for neck pain? |
MVA |
| What does optimum pain management require for neck pain? |
requires identification and appropriate treatment of somatic dysfunction |
| What kind of curve is the cervical spine? |
lordotic curve |
| What do uncinate processes do and where are they? |
C3-7. Add support to cervcial spine and helps prevent herination |
| What is the Occiptal antlantal segment? |
C0-C1 |
| What is the antantal-axial segment? |
c1-2 |
| What is the 2 functions of the cervical muscles? |
stabilize spine and control effects of gravity. Integrate and C-Spine movement with thoracic rib, and upper extremity motions. |
| What are the two major muscular groups of the cervical spine? |
Flexors and extensors |
| Where do the cervical nerves exit? |
above corresponding cervical vertrae until C8 where the nerve exits below the 7th vertebrae. |
| What is the most common herniation in cervical spine? |
C5-C6 disc (C6 root) |
| What is the Foramen transversaruim? |
vertebral artery found in C1-7 |
| Where are bifid spinous processes found? |
C2-C6 |
| What enables flexion and extension? |
bilaterally muscle activity |
| What enables sidebendinga nd rotation? |
muscles acting unilaterally |
| Do Fryette’s mechanics apply to the cervical spine? |
no |
| What is the primary roation of the Antlantal Axial segment? |
rotation |
| What is the primary movement of the Occipital-antlantal segment? |
flexion and extension |
| What happens to rotation in the OA joint when it is sidebent? |
rotation in the OPPOSITE direction |
| What is the degree of articulation of facets on the oblique plane? |
45degrees |
| How is rotation affected when it is sidebent for typical cercvical vertebrae? |
same side |
| Where does most cervical sidebending occur? |
lower cervical |
| What do facets do during typical flexion? |
open |
| What do facets do during typical extension? |
close |
| What kind of dysfunction is seen in AA joint? |
entirely rotation |
| How much flexion and extension is at OA joint? |
50% |
| How much rotation is at AA joint? |
50% |
| How much rotation and flexion/extension is found in the typical cervical? |
50% |
| What are the 4 things done during examination of the neck? |
1. Posture and movement. 2. Rotation, lateral bending, flexion and extension. 3. Palpation. 4. Assess for radiculopathy |
| What is dorsokyphosis? |
depression, upper-crossed postural abnormality. Seen with advanced age |
| What may sluggish movement indicate? |
sfibromyalgia, OA, cervical strain |
| What is torticolis? |
acute muscle spasm, possible HNP |
| What is normal rotation? |
80 degrees |
| What is normal sidebending? |
greater than 45 degrees |
| What is normal flexion? |
greater than 50 degrees |
| What is normal extension? |
greater than 60 degrees |
| What is first movement to show defecit? |
rotation |
| What is the most sensitive indicator to pathology intrinsic to the neck? |
loss of rotation |
| What should you do if angle of rotation is less than 90 degrees? |
neurological exam of upper extremities as well as x-rays. |
| What is tested with passive range of motion? |
rotation, sidebending, flexion, and extension |
| What should you consider if countour is malaligned? |
rotation, facet dislocation and fracture |
| Where is osteoarthritis usually seen? |
C5-C6 |
| What may be seen if there is osteoarthritis? |
tenderness, stiff and possibly enlarged. |
| What do you palpate with bone? |
bony tenderness, spinous processes and facet joint |
| What do you palpate with muscle? |
paraspinous muscle, trapezius muscle |
| What is the most commonly irritated neck muscle? |
trapezius |
| What does the trapezius muscle do in respects to the neck? |
attaches to all 7 spinous processes to distal acromion process |
| What is spurling maneuver? |
tap or press on top of head in with extension and sidebending |
| What innervates the deltoid m.? |
c5 |
| What innervates wrist extensors? |
c6 |
| What innervates finger flexors? |
c8 |
| What innervates interossei mm. |
T1 |
| What innervates biceps? |
c5 |
| What innervates brachioradialis? |
c6 |
| What innervates triceps? |
c7 |
| What is VAD? |
vertbral artery dissection. Unpredictable, rare complication of neck thrusts. 1/20,000 |
| How do vertebral arteries angulate? |
angulates 3 times at 90 degrees around the atlas as it ascends into the cranium thru the foramen magnum |
| What is Wallenberg’s Test? |
patient is supine and flexion, extension, etension with rotation right and extension with rotation left are held for 10 seconds |
| What is a positive Wallenberg’s Test indicate? |
nystagmus, dizziness, light headedness, visual disturbance |
| What is contraindicated with a positive wallenberg’s test? |
HVLA |
| What does Wallenberg’s Test test? |
vertebral aretery problems |
| What are the symptoms of cervical radiculopathy? |
paracervical tenderness with abnormal upper extremity exam. Loss of full ROM especially in rotation with positive spurling sign. Vertical traction will provide relief. |
| 90% of radicular symptoms are due to ? |
cervical OA |
| You evaluate a patient who has limited sidebending to left which is worse in extension at C5. What is the diagnosis? |
FRS (r) |
| On physical examination you not mild noss of sensation in the region of the thumg, +1/+2 reflexes at brachioradialsi and 4/5 strentth in wrist extension. The affected nerve root exits the C-spine? |
below C5 |
Biology Lab Midterm
