| Question |
Answer |
| heart |
triangular, in mediastinum, size of fist |
| atria |
upper receiving chamber, small thinner less muscular walls |
| ventricles |
lower discharging chambers, thicker muscular walls |
| left ventricles |
thickest muscular wall |
| septum |
wall that separates chambers |
| interatrial septum |
separates right and left atria |
| interventricular septum |
separates right and left ventricles |
| AV valves |
atrio-ventricular valves |
| tricuspid |
between right atrium and left ventricle |
| SL valves |
semi-lunar valves |
| pulmonary semilunar balve |
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| aortic semilunar valve |
between left ventricle and aorta |
| *endocardium |
lines innermost surface, walls of chambers |
| *myocardium |
cardiac muscle tissue |
| *endocarditis |
inflammation of endocardium, can lead to blood clots |
| *epicardium |
outer membrane of heart |
| *pericardium |
outermost loosely fitting covering |
| *pericardium |
produces lubricating fluid |
| peicarditis |
inflammation of pericardium |
| aorta |
main vessel, biggest artery |
| aorta |
carries "oxygenated" blood from left ventricle to body |
| pulmonary artery |
carries "deoxygenated" blood from right ventricle to lungs |
| pulmonary veins |
carries "oxygenated" blood from lungs to left atrium |
| superior vena cava & inferior vena cava |
return "deoxygenated" blood from body to right atria |
| arteries |
take blood"away" from heart |
| veins |
return blood "to" the heart |
| right & left coronary arteries |
coronary blood supply |
| right & left coronary arteries |
branch off aorta to supply myocardium, blockage may result in angina or heart attack |
| *complete heart beat |
cycle consists of diastole, relaxation of ventricles, systole, contraction of ventricles |
| *normal heart rate |
around 72 beats per minute |
| *tachycardia |
fast heart rate over 100 beats per minute |
| *bradycardia |
slow heart rate onder 60 beats per minute |
| *stroke volume |
volume of blood release from ventricle with each contraction |
| *cardiac output |
volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute |
| cardiac output |
= stroke volume x heart rate (co=sv x hr) |
| *lub dub |
sounds made by heart during cardiac cycle |
| lub |
closing of tricuspid and mitral valves |
| dub |
closing of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves |
| *ANS (autonomic involuntary nervous system) |
controls rate of heart |
| intercalated discs |
specialized nervous tissue at junctions between cardiac muscle cells , electronically link all cardiac muscle fibers |
| SA node (sinoatrial node) |
pacemaker, located in superior wall of right atrium |
| SA node |
initiates contraction of atria |
| AV node (atrioventricular node) |
located in inferior wass of right atrium |
| AV node |
passes signal to ventricles |
| bundle of his (AV bundles) |
fibers run through septum |
| purkinje fibers |
fibers run through lateral walls of ventricles |
| heart block |
electrical signal does not reach ventricles, rate of ventricular contractions is decreased, may be treated with pacemaker |
| electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) |
graphic recording of hearts electrical activity |
| P wave |
depolarization of atria, triggers contraction |
| QRS complex |
depolarization of ventricles |
| T wave |
repolarization of ventricles, relaxation |
Buen Viaje lv.2 ch 8
