| Question |
Answer |
| Widespread in CNS. Regulates telencephalic activity, critical for the sleep-wake cycle, influences stereotyped movements, In the PNS it is a neuromuscular junction-excitatory for muscle contraction |
Acetylcholine (ACH) |
| Located in the midbrain, basal ganglia, amygdala, cortex-involved in movement, motivation, and cognition |
Dopamine |
| basic anatomic and functional unit of the nervous system |
Neuron |
| cell body that actively synthesizes proteins |
soma (perikaryon) |
| shorter and more numerous projections of the nerve cell |
dendrites |
| longer single fiber of neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from neuron to other parts of nervous system, glands, muscle. Arise from axon hillock. |
Axons |
| the fine filaments seen in neurons through an electron microscope. dense bundles in axoplasm. |
neurofilaments |
| end of axon. corresponds to points of contact/synapse |
bouton |
| the site at which one axton terminal communicates with another neuron |
synapse |
| ratio of solute and water across a membrane |
concentration gradient |
| most important neuronal pump; provides energy to a cell along an electrical gradient powered by positively charged ions and negatively charged ions |
sodium-potassium pump |
| positively charged ions |
cations |
| negatively charged ions |
anions |
| relative amount of voltage in an electrical field |
potential |
| teh ionic difference across the membrane at a steady state |
resting potential |
| a mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical stimulus strong enough to change the cell membrane's potential |
adequate stimulus |
| loss of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of a muscle or nerve cell caused by a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior |
depolarization |
| buildup of electrical current in the neuron. the neural impulse that travels to another cell body, another dendrite, or another cell's axon. |
action potential |
| short-lived depolarizations or hyper-polarizations of an area of membrane. These changes cause local flows of current (movement of ions) that decrease with distance. When this occurs in a receptor cell it is called a receptor potential. |
Graded potentials |
| increased production in potential difference across a biologic membrane |
hyperpolarization |
| the substance released from an axonal terminal of a presynaptic neuron once the neuron is excited; travels across the synaptic cleft to excite or inhibit the targeted cell |
neurotransmitter |
| interruption of the blood flow to the brain as a result of occlusive or hemorrhagic mechanisms |
cerebrovascular accident |
| glial cell in the PNS that is responsible for forming and maintaining myelin around axons in PNS |
Schwann Cells |
| the region wher the cell body meets the axon |
Axon Hillock |
| axon that branch off the main axon |
Axon collaterals |
| these are areas on the axon that are not covered with a myelin sheeth. The action potential jump from the node to node down the axon |
nodes of ranvier |
Beef Production
