| Question |
Answer |
| What is in the oral cavity? |
Mucosa
Submucosa
Lips
Tongue
Taste buds
|
| What makes up the mucosa of the oral cavity? |
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium and a lamina propra of loose connective tissue |
| What is the core of the lips |
Skeletal muscle called orbicularis oris |
| What is the orbicularis ors? |
skeletal muscle core of the lips |
| What is the outer surface of the lips? |
It is lined with skin |
| Histological features of the tongue (6) |
stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
Papillae
Skeltal Muscle
Serous and mucus glands
Glands of Von Ebner
Taste buds |
| Inner surface of the lips |
oral muscoa with labial glands in the lamina propria |
| Papillae of the tongue |
Contain receptors for taste |
| Gland of Von ebner |
Serous glands of the oral cavity
Wash out the taste buds |
| Filiform paillae |
elongated and partially keratinized
cover the dorsal surface of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue |
| Fungiform papillae |
mushroom-shpaed
Scattered over the dorsal surface of teh tounge and contain taste buds |
| (Circum)vallate papillae |
lie along the sulcus terminalis that divides the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
Extremely large and surrounded by a groove, or oat.
Empty their secretions into teh moat around the papilla
have taste buds |
| Waldeyer's Ring |
An interrupted circle of protective lymphoid tissue at the upper ends of the respiratory and alimentary tracts |
| Lingual Tonsil |
diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes or multiple small nodules.
Below epithelium of the posterior third of the tongue |
| Layers of the tooth |
Ameloblasts
enamil
Dentin
Odontoblasts
papilla |
| Crown of tooth |
projects above the gingiva |
| Gingiva |
mucous membrane that is attached to teh alveolar periosteum and surrounds teh neck of the tooth |
| root of the tooth |
projects below the gingiva |
| Pulp |
core of the tooth that is made up of loose connective tissue |
| Pulp cavity |
contains the pulp |
| Dentin |
Calcified tissue that covers the pulp |
| Dentin is made up of |
odontoblasts |
| Dentin growth |
formation continues through life |
| What part of the tooth gets smaller |
pulp cavity |
| Enamel |
covers the dentin on the crown of teh tooth.
Hardest surface in the body |
| Enamel is made up of |
ameloblasts |
| Where are ameloblasts? |
cover the surface of the developing tooth |
| General organization of the digestive tract |
From inside out:
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa |
| Mucosa of the GI tract |
epithelium (simple squamous or cuboid)
Lamina Protpria
Muscularis mucosa |
| Muscularis mucosa |
smooth muscle that can contract under the sympathetic nervous system |
| Submucosa |
Below the mucosa
Dense irregular connective tissue
Contains meissner's plexus |
| Muscularis externa |
moves the food toward the anal canal
big ring of muscle |
| Serosa (adventitia) |
layer of loose connective tissue which is not covered by a mesothelial covering (visceral peritoneum)
Mesothelium
Connective tissue |
| Histological Features of the Esophagus (4) |
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Skeletal muscle (top 1/3 and mixed in middle 1/3)
Smooth muscle (bottom 1/3 and mixed in the middle 1/3)
Serous-mucus glands in the submucosa |
| Layers of esophagus |
Lumen
Epithelium
Lamina propria
muscularis mucosa
muscularis externa |
| Mucosa of esophagus |
epithelium + lamina propria + muscularis mucosa |
| What glands are found in lamina propria of esophagus? |
mucus-secreting esophageal cardiag glands |
| Muscularis mucosa is a |
single longitudinal layer of smooth muscle |
| Submucosa of the esophagus |
esophageal glands (serous)
Muscularis externa |
| Muscularis externa of esophagus |
skeletal in upper third
smooth and skeletal in middle third
smooth muscle in lower third |
| Histological features of the stomach (3) |
Cardiac
Fundic
Pyloric |
| Body of stomach |
fundus |
| Cardiac glands of the stomach |
mucous cells that secrete mucus and lysozyme |
| lysozyme |
bacteriocidal enzyme |
| Gastric glands |
Found in fundus of stomach.
|
| Cell types of gastric glands |
undifferentiated stem cells
mucous neck cells
parietal cells
chief cells
enteroendrocrine cells |
| Lamina propria of stomach |
has gastric pits on surface of epithelium into the lamina propria.
Lined with mucous cells
Gastric glands |
| Gastric Glands |
branched tubular glands at the bottom of the pits in the lamina propria |
| 3 types of gastric glands |
cardiac glands
gastric (fundic) glands
Pyloric glands |
| Pit to gland ratio of cardiac stomach |
1:1
length of gland should be the same as length of pit |
| Fundic Glands can be divided into 3 parts |
isthmus
neck
body
|
| Cells found in isthmus |
parietal cell
mucous neck cell |
| Cells of body |
chief cell
argentaffin cell |
| Surface mucous cells secrete |
mucin |
| Mucous neck cells secrete |
alkaline mucin |
| parietal cells secrete |
HCl and intrinsic factor |
| Chief Cells secrete |
pepsinogen |
| enteroendocrine cells secrete |
gastrin |
| Pit/Gland ratio in the pyloric area |
2:1
long pits and short glands |
| Pyloric glands are found |
in the pyloric region of the stomach |
| Cells of the pyloric glands |
mucous cells
enteroendocrine cells
parietal cells
undifferentiated stem cells |
| Mucous cells of the pyloric glands |
secrete mucus and lysozyme |
| Enteroendocrine cells of the pyloric glands |
G cells secrete gastrin
D cells secrete somatostatin |
| gastrin |
stimulates the parietal cells in the gastric glands to secrete HCl |
| Somatostatin |
regulates the release of the other hormones |
| Parietal cells in the pyloric stomach |
in limited number |
| Histological features of the duodenum |
simple columnar epithelium
muscularis mucosa
Brunner's Glands in submucosa
Smooth muscle |
| Brunner's Glands |
only glands in submucosa past the esophagus
secrete alkaline mucus that protects the mucosa from gastric acid.
Maintains pH for pancreatic enzymes to work |
| Muscularis externa of intestines |
inner circular and out longitudal layers of smooth muscle
Auerbach's plexus found between the two layers |
| Histological features of the jejunum and ileum |
long villi with lacteals
crypts of lieberkuhn
smooth muscle |
| Crypts of Lieberkuhn |
space in dark ridges |
| Histological features of the jejunum and ileum |
simple columnar epithelium
long villi with lacteals
crypts of lieberkuhn
smooth muscle |
| Crypts of Lieberkuhn |
space in dark ridges |
| Villus Structure |
Villus and Crypt |
| Villus cells |
absorptive cells
goblet cells
Enteroendocrine cells
crypt cells
stem cells
paneth cells |
| Paneth cells |
found in base of crypts
they secrete antibacterial enzyme lysozyme |
| Enteroendocrine cell products of the small intestine |
secretin
cholecystokinin
gastric inhibiotry peptide
motilin |
| Secretin |
stimulates growth and secretino of the exocrine pancreas |
| cholecystokinin |
stimulates growth and secretino of teh exocrine pancreas and contractino of teh smooth muscle of teh gall bladder, but inhibits gastric eptying |
| GIP |
gastric inhibitory peptide
Inhibits HCl secretion by teh pareital cells in stomach |
| Motilin |
increases gut motility |
| Illeum can be differentiated by having |
Peyer's patches |
| Appendix |
similar sturcture to the colon but has shorter crypts of leiberkuhn and no teniae coli
Large amounts of lymphoid tissue |
| Hirschsprung's disease |
absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of teh rectum.
Feces remain in the colon causing it to enlarge |
| Histological features of the colon |
simple columnar epithelium
NO vili
crypts of leiberkuhn
smooth muscle: teniae coli |
| Teniae Coli |
smooth rubber band sections of muscle |
| Anal Canal |
Look for apocrine glands
Hair follicles
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
smooth and skeletal muscle |
| External sphincter is what kind of muscle? |
skeletal |