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Stack #171758
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ACEI | hyperkalemia TBL increase, etiology |
| acetazolamide | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| acidosis | calcium, use caution |
| acidosis | hyperkalemia TBL normal, etiology |
| adrenal insuffiency | hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| agitation | mild to moderate hyponatremia S/Sx |
| agitation | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| akathesis | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| alcoholism | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| alcoholism | hypomagnesemic, drug induced |
| alkalosis: bicarbonate shifts phosphate into ICF | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| aluminum/magnesium antacid | hypercalcemia, etiology |
| aminoglycosides | hypomagnesemic, etiology therefore hypocalcemia |
| aminoglycosides | hypokalemia, etiology |
| aminoglycosides | hypomagnesemic, drug induced |
| amphetamines, alters the excretion | carbonic anhyrase inhibitors, drug interation |
| amphotericin B | hypomagnesemic, etiology therefore hypocalcemia |
| amphotericin B | hypokalemia, etiology |
| amphotericin B | hypomagnesemic, drug induced |
| anabolic steroids | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| anorexia | hypercalcemia, sever symptoms |
| anxiety | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| arrhythmias | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| arrhythmias, brady | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| artrial flutter | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| asystole | hyperkalemia 10-12 mEq/L |
| asystole | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >13-15mEq/L |
| atenolol | calcium, drug interaction |
| atenolol | calcium acetate (phoso-Lo, drug interaction |
| azotemia | hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| azotemic osteodystrophy | hyperphosphatemia, S/Sx chronic renal failure |
| bisphosphonates | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| bone pain | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| bone resorption, increased | hypercalcemia, pathophysiology |
| bradycardia | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| bradycardia | calcium, adverse effect |
| bradycardia | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >4-6mEq/L |
| bundle branch block | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >4-6mEq/L |
| burns | hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| burns | hypovolemic hypernatremia, etiologoy |
| calcification metastic | hypercalcemia, complication |
| calcitonin | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| calcitonin | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| calcium | hypercalcemia, etiology |
| calcium +/- calcium phosphate complex | hypercalcemia, complication |
| calcium carbonate | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| carbamazepine | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology drug induced |
| cardiac arrest | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >13-15mEq/L |
| cardiac conduction abnormalities | hyperkalemia, S/Sx |
| catecholamines | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| cathartics | hypermagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| celiac sprue | hypomagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| cell lysis from treating malignancies | hyperphosphatemia, etiolgoy |
| central diabetes insipidus | euvolemic hypernatremia, etiology |
| CHF | hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiolgoy |
| chlorpropamide | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology drug induced |
| chvostek's sign | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| cisplatin | hypomagnesemic, etiology therefore hypocalcemia |
| cisplatin | hypomagnesemic, drug induced |
| coma | severe hyponatremia S/Sx |
| coma | hypernatremia, S/Sx |
| coma | hypercalcemia, crisis |
| coma | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx |
| coma | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >7-12mEq/L |
| confusion | chronic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| confusion | mild to moderate hyponatremia S/Sx |
| confusion | hypernatremia, S/Sx |
| confusion | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| confusion | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| congestive cardiomyopathy | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| constipation | hypercalcemia, sever symptoms |
| convulsions | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| cramping | hyperkalemia, S/Sx |
| cramps | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| cyclophosphamide | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology drug induced |
| cyclosporin | hypomagnesemic, etiology therefore hypocalcemia |
| cyclosporin | hypomagnesemic, drug induced |
| death | severe hyponatremia S/Sx |
| death | hypercalcemia, crisis |
| decreased skin turgor | decrease ECF of sodium |
| deep tendon reflexe, absent or diminished | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx |
| delirium | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| depression | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| depression | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| destrose soluitions | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| diabetic ketoacidosis, acute | hypermagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| diarrhea | hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| diarrhea | hypovolemic hypernatremia, etiologoy |
| diarrhea | hypokalemia, etiology |
| diarrhea, chronic | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| digoxin | calcium, use caution |
| disorientation | chronic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| disorientation | mild to moderate hyponatremia S/Sx |
| diurectics | hypokalemia, etiology |
| diurectics | hypomagnesemic, drug induced |
| diurects | hypomagnesemic, etiology therefore hypocalcemia |
| diuresis excessively | hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| diuretics | hypokalemia, etiology |
| drug induced | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| dry mucous membranes | decrease ECF of sodium |
| dry skin | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| dysphagia | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| Ecstasy | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology drug induced |
| eczema | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| edema | hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| edema | expanded ECF of sodium |
| EDTA | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| erythropoietin | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| fiber | calcium, drug interaction |
| fluoroquinolones | calcium, drug interaction |
| fluoroquinolones | calcium acetate (phoso-Lo, drug interaction |
| flushing | calcium, adverse effect |
| foscarnet | hypomagnesemic, etiology therefore hypocalcemia |
| foscarnet | hypomagnesemic, drug induced |
| furosemide | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| gallium nitrate | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| ganciclovir | hypercalcemia, etiology |
| GI absorption, decreased | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| GI absorption, increase | hypercalcemia, pathophysiology |
| GI disorders | hypomagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| glucagon | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| glucocorticoids | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| glucose intolerance | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| glycine irrigation during surgery | hypertonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| grooved and brittle nails | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| hair loss | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| hallucinations | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| hallucinations | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| head trauma | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| headache | chronic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| headache | mild to moderate hyponatremia S/Sx |
| heart block | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| hemolysis | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| hepatic cirrhosis | hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiolgoy |
| hepatic disease | carbonic anhyrase inhibitors, contraindicated |
| hypercalcemia | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| hyperflexia | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| hyperlipidema | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| hyperparathyroidium, inc urinary excrection | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| hyperphosphatemia | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| hyperphosphatemia, severe | calcium, use caution |
| hypertension | calcium, adverse effect |
| hypoalbuminemia | hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiolgoy |
| hypoalbuminemia | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| hypocalcemia | hyperphosphatemia, S/Sx |
| hypocalcemia | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| hypokalemia | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| hypomagnesemia | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| hypomagnesemia | hypokalemia, etiology |
| hypomagnesemia | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| hypoparathyroidism | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| hypoparathyroidism | hyperphosphatemia, etiolgoy |
| hypoparathyroidism, decrease GI ab | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| hypoplasia of teeth enamel | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| hyporeflexia | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >7-12mEq/L |
| hypotension | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx > 3mEq/L |
| hypothyroidism | hypermagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| insulin | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| insulin deficiency | hyperkalemia TBL normal, etiology |
| internal redistribution | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| intestinal resection, massive | hypomagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| iron salts | calcium, drug interaction |
| iron salts | calcium acetate (phoso-Lo, drug interaction |
| irritability | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| IV phosphorus | hyperphosphatemia, etiolgoy |
| ketoconazole | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| laxatives with phospates salts | hyperphosphatemia, etiolgoy |
| lethargy | chronic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| lethargy | mild to moderate hyponatremia S/Sx |
| lethargy | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx |
| levofloxacin | calcium, drug interaction |
| lithium | hypercalcemia, etiology |
| lithium therapy | hypermagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| lithium, levels decrease | carbonic anhyrase inhibitors, drug interation |
| low salt intake | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| malabsorption | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| malaise | chronic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| malignanant neoplams | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| malignancy | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| memory loss | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| mineralocorticoid excess | hypokalemia, etiology |
| mithramycin | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| muscle cramps | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| muscle paralysis | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >7-12mEq/L |
| muscle twitching | hyperkalemia, S/Sx |
| muscle weakness | hyperkalemia, S/Sx |
| muscle weakness | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx |
| myalgia | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| myalgia | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| myocardial failure | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| nasogastic drainage | hypovolemic hypernatremia, etiologoy |
| nausea | chronic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| nausea | mild to moderate hyponatremia S/Sx |
| nausea | calcium, adverse effect |
| nausea | hypercalcemia, sever symptoms |
| nausea | hyperkalemia, S/Sx |
| nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | euvolemic hypernatremia, etiology |
| nephrolithiasis | hypercalcemia, complication |
| nephrotic syndrome | hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiolgoy |
| nocturia | hypercalcemia, sever symptoms |
| nodal rhythms | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >4-6mEq/L |
| NSAIDS | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia etiology drug induced |
| numbness | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| obtundation | hypercalcemia, crisis |
| obtundation | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| oliguric | hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| oliguric renal insufficincy | hypercalcemia, crisis |
| orthostatic hypotension | decrease ECF of sodium |
| osmotic diurectics | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| osmotic diuresis | euvolemic hypernatremia, etiology |
| osmotic diuretics | hypertonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| osteomalacia | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| osteopenia | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| P wave elevated | hyperkalemia 7-8 mEq/L |
| pancreatic insufficiency | hypomagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| pancreatits, acute | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| paralysis | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| parenteral nutrition | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| pentamindine | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| pentamindine | hypomagnesemic, drug induced |
| perioral parathesias | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| peripheral neuropathy | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| perspiration, excessive | euvolemic hypernatremia, etiology |
| phenobarbital | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| phenobarbital | carbonic anhyrase inhibitors, drug interation |
| phenytoin | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| phosphate, increase in ECF | hyperphosphatemia, S/Sx |
| platelet dysfunction | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| polydipsia | hypercalcemia, sever symptoms |
| polydipsia, primary | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| polyuria | hypercalcemia, sever symptoms |
| poor skin turgor | hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| post-operative parathyroidectomy | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| potassium excrection reduced | hyperkalemia TBL increase, etiology |
| potassium ingestion excess | hyperkalemia TBL increase, etiology |
| potassium released from red blood cells | pseudohyperkalemia |
| PR interval prolonged | hyperkalemia 6-7 mEq/L |
| PR interval prolonged | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >4-6mEq/L |
| PR interval widened | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| primary mineralocorticoid excess | hypervolemic hypernatremia, etiology |
| psychosis, acute | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| pulmonary obstruction | carbonic anhyrase inhibitors, contraindicated |
| PVC | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| PVC | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| QRS complex merges with T wave (sine wave) | hyperkalemia 9-10 mEq/L |
| QRS complex prolonged | hyperkalemia 6-7 mEq/L |
| QRS complex widened | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| QRS complex widened | hyperkalemia 7-8 mEq/L |
| QRS complex widened | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| QT interval prolongation | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >4-6mEq/L |
| QT interval shortening | hyperkalemia 5.5-6 mEq/L |
| QT interval, prolonged | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| QT iwave short | hypercalcemia, EKG changes |
| quinidine | carbonic anhyrase inhibitors, drug interation |
| quinidine, increase the effects | calcium acetate (phoso-Lo, drug interaction |
| redistribution from plasma back into cells | hypokalemia, etiology |
| redistribution of potassium from the ICF to ECF | hyperkalemia TBL normal, etiology |
| renal disease, sever | carbonic anhyrase inhibitors, contraindicated |
| renal elmination, decrease | hypercalcemia, pathophysiology |
| renal failure acute and chronic | hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiolgoy |
| renal failure, acute or chronic | hyperphosphatemia, etiolgoy |
| renal failure, acute or chronic if exogenous intake | hypermagnesemic, pathophysiology common |
| renal impairment | hyperkalemia TBL increase, etiology |
| renal insufficiency, acute | hypercalcemia, crisis |
| renal insufficiency, chronic | hypercalcemia, complication |
| renal losses (with loop or osmotic) | hypovolemic hypernatremia, etiologoy |
| renal wasting | hypomagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| respiratory arrest | severe hyponatremia S/Sx |
| respiratory depression | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx |
| respiratory failure | in acute hyponatremia with rapid onset S/SX |
| respiratory failure | calcium, use caution |
| respiratory failure | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| respiratory muscle fatigue | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| restlessness | hypernatremia, S/Sx |
| salicylates | calcium, drug interaction |
| salicylates | calcium acetate (phoso-Lo, drug interaction |
| salicylates, by alkalininizing the urine | carbonic anhyrase inhibitors, drug interation |
| sedation | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx |
| seizures | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| seizures | severe hyponatremia S/Sx |
| selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitor | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology drug induced |
| sevelamer | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| severe neurological | in acute hyponatremia with rapid onset S/SX |
| SIADH | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| skin losses | euvolemic hypernatremia, etiology |
| slow weaning from ventilator | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| sodium administration, excessive | hypervolemic hypernatremia, etiology |
| sodium bicarbonate | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| sodium phosphate enemas | hyperphosphatemia, etiolgoy |
| soft tissue calcifaication | hyperphosphatemia, S/Sx |
| somnolence | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx >7-12mEq/L |
| spasms | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| ST segment flattening | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| stroke | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| ST-T wave coving | hypercalcemia, EKG changes |
| stupor | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx |
| sucralfate | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| sweating excessive | hypovolemic hypernatremia, etiologoy |
| sweating excessive | hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| T wave inverted | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| T wave peaked | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| T wave widened | hypercalcemia, EKG changes |
| T waves peaked | hyperkalemia 5.5-6 mEq/L |
| tachycardia | hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| tachycardia | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| tachycardia with block Paroxysmal atrial | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| tamoxifen | hypercalcemia, etiology |
| TB | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| tetany | hypocalcemia, acute drop <7.0 S/SX |
| tetracycline antibiotics | calcium, drug interaction |
| tetracycline antibiotics, decrease the effects | calcium acetate (phoso-Lo, drug interaction |
| theophylline | hypercalcemia, etiology |
| thiazide diurectics | hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| thiazide diuretics | hypercalcemia, etiology |
| thristy primary polydipsia | euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| thristy primary polydipsia | euvolemic hypernatremia, etiology |
| throid surgery | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| thyroidectomy | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| torsades de pointes | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| toxemia of pregnancy treatment get excess amt+A274 | hypermagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| tremor | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| trousseau's sign | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| tubular necrosis, acute | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| tumors | Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| twitching | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| U wave elevated | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| ureteral irrigants hemiacidrin | hypermagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| urinary excretion, decreased | hyperphosphatemia, S/Sx |
| urinary excretion, increased | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| vasodilation, cutaneous | hypermagnesemic, S/Sx > 3mEq/L |
| V-Fib | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| V-Fib | hyperkalemia 10-12 mEq/L |
| V-Fib | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| viral hepatitis | hypermagnesemic, pathophysiology |
| vitamin A | hypercalcemia, etiology |
| vitamin D | hypercalcemia, etiology |
| vitamin D deficiency | hypocalcemia, etiolgoy |
| vitamin D deficiency | hypophosphatemia, pathophysiology |
| vitamin D overdose | hyperphosphatemia, etiolgoy |
| vomiting | hypovolemic hypernatremia, etiologoy |
| vomiting | calcium, adverse effect |
| vomiting | hypercalcemia, sever symptoms |
| vomiting | hypokalemia, etiology |
| vomiting | hypotonic hyponatremia, etiology |
| WBC dysfunction | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| weakness | hypernatremia, S/Sx |
| weakness | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| weakness | hypophosphatemia, S/Sx |
| weakness | hypokalemia, S/SX |
| weakness | hyperkalemia, S/Sx |
| weakness | hypomagnesemic, S/Sx |
| weight gain | expanded ECF of sodium |
| weight gain (expanded ECF) | hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia S/Sx |
| whipple disease (intestinal mucosal disease | hypomagnesemic, pathophysiology |
Created by:
lainylaina