| Question |
Answer |
| Supercoiling |
When the two strands of DNA are twisted around each other they coil up. |
| Chromatin |
DNA plus protein. |
| Heterochromatin |
highly condensed, darkly staining chromatin |
| Euchromatin |
less dense, lightly staining, transcriptionally active, chromatin. |
| Solenoid coiling |
Nucleosomes will wrap around each other to form tubes |
| Histones |
proteins that form octameric complexes, which eukaryotic DNA wraps around. They are the most abundant |
| Nucleosomes |
histone octamers and associated DNA, not including the linker regions |
| Histone 1 (H1) |
binds linkers together |
| Histones are acids or bases? |
bases! They are positively charged molecules |
| Solenoid tangling |
Chromosomal condensation during prophase also involves solenoids tangling in complex patterns to form the mitotic (or meiotic) chromosomes. |
| Scaffoid Proteins |
Ties the solenoids together to form the condensed, mitotic chromosomes.
Maintain supercoiling |
| Bands in mitotic chromosomes |
dark staining regions, which are believed to consist of more tightly packed DNA. |
| Structure of Mitotic (Meiotic) Chromosomes |
Bands
Centromeres
Arms
Telomeres |
| Centromere |
Region of a chromosome that is bound to the mitotic spindle. Dark bands are called G bands |
| metacentric chromosome |
central centromeres |
| Submetacentric chromosome |
off center centromere |
| Acrocentric |
Centromere towards end with a satellite at the end |
| Telocentric |
Centromere at the end. not found in humans |
| Arms |
chromosomes are divided by the centromere into two regions known as arms.
Shorter arm is p arm (petite)
Larger arm is q arm |
| Telomeres |
The ends of chromosomes |
| Karyotype |
Number, size and banding patterns of all mitotic chromosomes. |
| Karyotype numbers |
Larger to smaller |
BIOL3326 Forms
