| Question |
Answer |
| Bony Labyrinth: _______ = high Na/ low K |
Perilymph |
| Membranous Labyrinth: ________ = high K/ low Na |
Endolymph |
| _____ cells = receptors of labyrinth |
Hair |
| movement of hair bundle and gel --> electrical response --> excitatory --> increase or decrease in firing of ____ |
CN VIII |
| _____ division conveys information about sound |
Cochlea |
| the 3 general layers of the Cochlea division are the _____, _____, and _____ |
outer, middle, inner |
| sound vibrates ________ membrane --> middle ear ossicles --> perilymph --> resulting in changes in the basilar membrane .. organ of Corti |
tympanic |
| types of hearing loss: ______ hearing loss = sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear are blocked |
conductive |
| conductive hearing loss can be caused by ______ ____ in the auditory canal, _____ buildup in the middle ear, ____ ______, or abnormal _____ growth. |
ear wax, fluid, ear infections, bone |
| types of hearing loss: ______ hearing loss = damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve. |
sensorineural |
| sensorineural hearing loss can be caused by _____ injury, ____ defects, ____ or _____ |
head, birth, HTN or stroke |
| _______ is hearing loss most commonly due to age related changes. |
presbycusis |
| _______ is sensitivity to sound |
hypercusis |
| _______ is abnormal sounds (e.g. ringing, buzzing, etc.) |
tinnitus |
| the peripheral vestibular system has 5 sensory organs: 3 ______ and 2 _____ |
semicircular canals, otoliths |
| Vestibular system: our _____ ear provide info about where we are in space - upright or leaning |
inner |
| we rely on _____ cues most during movement |
vestibular |
| our inner ear controls info about ___ & ___ cooridnation as well as ______ strategies. |
eye & head, balance |
| semicircular canals are responsible for ______ motion. |
angular |
| semicircular canals are oriented ___ degrees from eachother and pick up info in all planes. ___ degrees from the sagittal plane. |
90, 45 |
| ______ - " bubble-like " projection containing crista |
ampulla |
| Otoliths are responsible for ______ motion. |
linear |
| the _____ and the _____ are the two otoliths. |
uticle, saccule |
| the 3 semicircular canals are the ____, _____, and _______ |
anterior, posterior, and horizontal |
| _____ - houses the hair cells and rest on a tuft of nn fibers, blood vessels and supporting cells |
Crista |
| _____ - gelatinous membrane that overlies each crista, resulting in a 'coupling' between head motion and hair cell movement. |
Cupula |
| Cupula has the same specific gravity as ________, therefore NOT pulled by gravity. |
endolymph |
| The utricle senses ______ linear while the saccule contributes to the ______ movements. |
horizontal, vertical |
| Sensory hair cells or '______' are also covered by a gelatinous membrane which contain otoconia |
maculae |
| _______ - calcium carbonate crystals or 'ear rocks' which causes the maculae to be sensitive to gravity. |
Otoconia |
| sensory hair cells convert head motion (both angular and linear) into _____ firing |
neural |
| Neurons firing send messages to the brain resulting in __________ of the head and body in space as well as _________ eye and head movement |
orientation, cooridinated |
| when information getting to the brain is incorrect or the processing is incorrect the result from eithe is sensory conflict that usually leads to _____, _____, and often times ______ |
imbalance, dizziness, nausea |
| there are two main areas for vestibular input: 1) _____ _____ complex - " primary processor "2) ______ " the adaptive processor " |
vestibular nuclear complex, cerebellum |
| ____-____ ____ VOR: the purpose is to maintain stable vision during head movement, thus controlling eye-head coordination |
vestibular-ocular reflex |
| _____-____ ___ VSR: the purpose is to stabilize the head and body, thus controlling skeletal muscle and coordination for balance. |
vestibular-spinal reflex |
| _______ - generated calorics ( COWS ) and position change, cardinal sign for vestibular dysfunction |
Nystagmus |
| _____ and _____ are the 3rd most common complaint to physicians, following headaches and LBP |
dizziness and imbalance |
| ___% of the population over the age of 40 will experience a balance or dizziness disorder during the lifetime |
40% |
| of patients 65 and older, ___% of them will fall in a given year -- more than _______ hip fx |
50%, 300,000 |
| falls are the ______ cause of death from injury in persons over 65 years. |
leading |
| __% complaints of dizziness are due to vestibular problem |
85% |
| >___% of MHI released from hospital as 'normal' have residual symptoms |
50% |
| Endolymph Hydrops/Meniere's Disease - deals with _____ _____ |
fluid problem |
| Labyrinthitis/Neuronities - involves an ____ ____ _____ |
inner ear infection |
| Fistula - is when there is a _____ __ _____ |
rupture in membrane |
| Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo - is having _____ _____ ___ |
misplaced ear rocks |
| Trauma - either ____ pressure, or a blow to the _____ |
barometric, head |
| Acoustic Neuroma - ____ _____ |
benign tumor |
| Ototoxicity - can be caused from ____, or _______ |
meds, chemicals |
| Clinical sxs of Vestibular Pathology include imbalance/_____, dizziness, _______, visual blurriness, ______ , tinnitus, fatigue |
falls, nystagmus, nausea |
| Clinical sxs of CNS Pathology include _____, spontaneous ______, poor muscle ____/____, decrreased postural control, poor oculomotor control |
ataxia, nystagmus, tone/control |
| Clinical Summary: __________ and _____ cues are compared with vestibular cues to produce compensatory oculomotor and postural responses. |
somatosensory, visual |
| the result of somatosensory, visual, and vestibular cues is " _____ ______ ". When these systems work appropriately and seamlessly, balance occurs subconsciously. |
sensory integration |
| Somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems have a high level of ______ and _____ which allows for compensation through appropriate medical intervention. |
plasticity, redundancy |
Biology Lab Midterm
