| Question |
Answer |
| Yellow/Green Sputum |
Bacterial |
| White/clear |
Viral |
| Red/rust |
CA, pneumonia, TB |
| Red currant jelly |
Klebsiella pneumonia |
| pink, frothy |
Pulmonary edema |
| Hemoptysis |
bloody sputum; could be ca, tb, bronchitis, PE, etc |
| Muscles of inspiration |
diaphragm, external intercostals |
| muscles of expiration |
diaphragm, internal intercostals |
| accessory muscles of respiration |
Sternocleidomastoid
scalens
trapezius |
| Pain fibers in lungs |
visceral pleura |
| Tracheobronchial tree |
division of the mainstem bronchi at around T4 |
| Bronchus more prone to foreign body aspiration |
Right mainstem;
it is wider, shorter and straighter |
| Respiration regulation |
Primarily by CO2 levels (both rate and depth) |
| Chest pain not cardiac when: (5) |
constant ache lasting all day
pain stays in one location
made worse with pressure on the precordium
very short, sharp pain lasting 1-2 seconds
Located in the shoulders or between the scapula in the back |
| Pack years |
Number of years smoking X number of packs/day |
| Pectus excavatum |
hollowed chest |
| Pectus Carinatum |
Pigeon chest (puffed out) |
| Adult respiratory rate |
12-20 |
| Tachypnea |
respirations over 20 |
| bradypnea |
respirations under 12 |
| Retractions |
inward deviation of musculature and skin to overcome obstruction when intrapleural pressure becomes increasingly negative |
| Paradoxical breathing |
thorax draws inward during inspiration
thorax moves outward on expiration |
| Dyspnea |
difficult or labored breathing with shortness of breath |
| hypernea |
hyperventilation (abnormally deep resipirations) |
| hyponea |
abnormally shallow respirations |
| orthopnea |
shortness of breath when lying down |
| platypnea |
SOB when sitting upright |
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dypsnea |
sudden SOB after a period of sleep. PND is usually helped by sitting up. (ask how many pillows) |
| Kussmaul |
deep/rapid
associated with DKA |
| Cheyne-Stokes |
Regular periodic patter of breathign with intervals of apnea followed by crescendo/decrescendo sequences |
| biot |
irregular respirations varrying in depth with intervals of apnea
no repetitive pattern |
| ataxic |
more severe form of biot |
| cyanosis |
bluish coloration of the skin
often seen around lips and nails
caused by inadequate oxygenation of tissue |
| Crackles |
aka rales
brief, intermittent and nonmusical. heard mostly on inspiration |
| wheeze |
continuous, high-pitched, musical
loudest in inspiration |
| rhonchi |
deeper, rumbling, and more pronounced during expiration than crackles |
| friction rub |
outside respiratory tree, dry cracky, grating, low pitched.
both inspiration and expiration |
| Apnea |
absence of spontaneous respiration |
| crepitus |
crackly or crinkly sensation
air in subcutaneous tissue |
| Bronchophony |
vocal resonance test
greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken words (whisper heard clearly) |
| Egophony |
intensity of spoken voice increased with nasal quality (e's -> a's) |
| Thorax of infants and small children |
thinner, rounder chest
allows for bronchovesicular breath sounds to be heard thru the chest
|
| Diaphragmatic Excursion |
measure hwo much the diaphragm moves between inspiration and expiration
usually between 3-6 cm |
| Breathing in Pregnancy |
ventilation is increased by breathing more deeply, NOT more frequently |
| Thorax in older adults |
dorsal curve of spine more emphasized and tire more quickly |
| Pleural effusion |
excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity |
HHS Shrek
