| SPLINTING |
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2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
| SPLINT VS ORTHOSIS |
splinting is temporary |
orthosis is made of higher temp material |
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| Static splint |
immobilizes |
prevents deformities |
prevents soft tissue contracture |
substitute for loss of motor function |
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| Dynamic splint |
control motion |
correct deformity |
fracture alignment |
substitute for loss of motion |
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| Handling characteristics |
memory- ability to return to its original shape |
drapability ( ease of conformability with minimum effort |
elasticity- resistance to stretch |
bonding- ability to stick to itself |
self finishing edges |
shrinkage- shrinks when cooled |
| Splint components |
c-bar, connector bar, cross bar, deviation bar |
metacarpal bar, reinforcement bar, palmar phalangeal bar |
cuff |
thumb post |
forearm trough, palmar trough |
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| Arches of hand |
proximal transverse- croses distal carpals (wrist area- only rigid arch ) |
distal transverse- crosses distal palmar crease |
Longitudinal-runs long. through hand |
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| Creases |
aligned with joints |
shows where joints are and can help map out pressure points |
distal palmar crease (MCP) |
Thenar crease- (cmc of thumb) |
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| Abnormal patterns |
occure due to mechanical or neurological change in hand |
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| Splinting positions hand to |
substitute for motor control ( radial deviation splint prevents ulnar drifting of fingers) |
prevent deformity- airplane splint keeps arms elevated to prevemt contractures in axilla (burns) |
rest an extremity (hand splint, wrist cock up) |
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| Mechanical advantage |
splint allows for distribution of force over a large area so force is minimized at most proximal and distal ends and therefore skin damage |
(resitance arm/effort arm) x resistance force =effort force |
mechanical advantage is at least 2:1 |
3 point pressure system- 3 forces with middle forces directed oppositely of the other 2 (unidirectional-forces on one plance)(multidirectional-forces in multiple planes) |
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| 4 ways skin and soft tissue can be damaged |
degree- skin can become ischemic ( blocked circulation depending on load exertion) |
Duration- low stress over time can eventually cause tissue damage |
repittition- of stress like dynamic splinting can cause inflammation or redness |
direction- 3 directions of force 1. distraction or tension 2. compression 3. shear |
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| Minimize stress repetition in dynamic splints by |
distribute force |
maintain 90 degree angle of pull to prevent compression (and distraction and streched ligament) |
leverage |
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| Minimize compression by |
maintain perpendicular force |
avoid bony prominences |
selection of strap width |
conform material to body part |
keep splint at 1/2 width of forearm and hand |
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Biology Lab Midterm
