| Question |
Answer |
| External Oblique |
raises intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic pressure; compresses abdominal contents |
| Internal Oblique |
aids the externa obliques and may aid forced exhalation |
| Transversus Abdominus |
aids the externa obliques and may aid forced exhalation |
| Rectus Abdominus |
assists in compression of the abdomen, flexes lumbar vertebrae |
| Pyramidalis |
may not exist in some people. anterior to the lowermost part of the rectus. |
| Quadratus Lumborum |
May be active in exhalation; anchors lower 2 ribs |
| Illiacus |
may aid in exhalation |
| Psoas Major, Psoas Minor |
May aid in exhalation |
| sternocleidomastoid |
with head anchored, may raise the sternum and clavicle. |
| Scalenus Anterior |
Raises first rib |
| Scalenus Medius |
Raises first rib |
| Scalenus Posterior |
Raises second rib |
| Trapezius |
Rotates scapula, raises shoulder, turns head and tilts it backward |
| Latissimus Dorsi |
Extends, adducts, rotates arms medially; may influence the lower 3 or 4 ribs |
| Rhomboids |
Draws scapula toward spinal column, adducts the arm |
| Levator Scapulae |
Elevates and anchors the scapula |
| Diaphragm |
Primary muscle of inhalation |
| Internal Intercostals |
Aids in increasing thoracic volume, but may also assist in exhalation |
| External Intercostals |
With upper ribs anchored, the lower ribs are elevated |
| Subcostals |
Action not fully understood, may be partially exhalatory |
| Levator Costarum Brevis |
Elevates the lower posterior ribs, increasing volume |
| Levator Costarum Longus |
Elevates the lower posterior ribs, increasing volume |
| Serratus Posterior Superior |
Possibly elevates the ribs |
| Serratus Posterior Inferior |
Exerts a downward force on lower ribs during forced inhalation |
| Lateral Iliocostalis |
May influence rib movements during respiration. Starts at illium and goes up and fans out. |
| Longissimus Dorsi |
Medial to Lateral iliocostalis. Goes straight up the backbone (lateral & parallel to vertebrae). |
| Pectoralis Major |
fan shaped. Rotation of the arm. |
| Pectoralis Minor |
Deep & smaller than major. Extends the shoulder. |
| Subclavius |
Below clavicle and runnning parallel to clavicle. Draws the shoulder forward and slightly downward. |
| Serratus Anterior |
Has a serrated (jagged) apperance. Anchors and protracts the scapula. |
Science Vocab 147928
