| Question |
Answer |
| The 2 main layers of skin are? |
Epidermis and the dermis |
| Common name for sudoriferous gland? |
Sweat gland |
| Common name for sebaceous gland? |
Oil gland. (Associated with hair follicles; secrete sebum) |
| Ceruminous gland are found in ________ and secrete ________. |
external auditory meatus; cerumen |
| Mammary glands are modified ________. |
Sweat glands |
| Epidermis is composed of what? |
Stratified squamous epithelium |
| What are the 5 layers of the thick epidermis? |
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum |
| Thick skin is located where? |
palms and the soles of feet |
| Stratum basale is also called the? |
Stratum germinativum |
| Stratum basale contains stem cells that give rise to? |
Keratinocytes |
| Basale cells also contain? |
Melanin |
| Basal cells are connected to the basal lamina via what? |
Hemidesmosomes |
| Stratum spinosum desmosomes appear as thickenings called what? |
nodes of Bizzozero |
| The most superficial layer of the nonkeratinized portion of the epidermis is the....? |
Stratum granulosum |
| Stratum granulosum contain...? |
keratohyalin granules |
| Keratohyalin granules contain what? |
cysteine and histidine-rich proteins |
| Cysteine and histidine proteins are precursors of what? |
Filagrin |
| Filagrin does what? |
aggregates the keratin filaments present in the cornified cells of the stratum corneum. |
| This layer is considered a subdivision of the stratum corneum? |
Stratum lucidum |
| Which layer has cells filled entirely with keratin? |
Stratum corneum |
| Papillary layer consist of...? |
Loose connective tissue |
| Dermal papillae are ridges that protrude the epidermis forming what? |
Finger prints |
| Papillary layer contains what 2 collagen fibers? |
Type I and type III |
| What 2 layers form the dermis? |
Papillary and reticular layers |
| Collagen and elastic fibers are regularly oriented to form regular lines of tension in the skin called...? |
Langer's lines |
| Excessive stretching of the reticular layer can result in what? |
Linea albicans (stretch marks) |
| Panniculus adiposes is a layer of the hypodermis that contains what? |
Adipose tissue |
| Smooth muscle in the subcutaneous fascia of the scrotum is called...? |
Dartos muscles |
| Dartos muscles regulate what? |
Heat loss |
| The vestigial layer of striated muscle deep to the subcutaneous fascia is called ...? |
Panniculus carnosus |
| Keratinocytes produce what? |
Keratin |
| Keratinocytes synthesize ________ in the ______ ______. |
keratohyalin granules, stratum granulosum |
| Keratohyalin granules contain what 2 things? |
Filaggrin and trichohyalin |
| Filaggrin and trichohyalin form keratin filaments into what? |
Tonofilaments |
| Keratinocytes produces what in the stratum spinosum? |
Lamellar bodies |
| Melanin is produced by the oxidation of __________ by _________. |
3,4-dihydroxylphenylalanine (DOPA), tyrosinase |
| Melanocytes are derived from what? |
Neural crest cells |
| What enzyme is lacking in individuals with albinism? |
Tyrosinase |
| Waardenburg syndrome features what physical traits? |
Patches of white hair and skin. |
| Waardenburg syndrome occurs during gestation because of what? |
Faulty migration/proliferation of neural crest cells. |
| Waardenburg syndrome results from mutations in what gene? |
PAX3 |
| Langerhans cell is part of what system? |
Mononuclear phagocytic system |
| What cell is abundant in skin where sensory perception is acute? |
Merkel's cells |
| Merkel's cell is associated with what? |
Terminal bulb of an afferent myelinated axon. |
| The neuron plus the epidermal (Merkel's) cell is a what? |
Merkel's corpuscle |
| Sebum is an oily substance that does what? |
Lubricates and waterproofs hair |
| The sebaceous gland is connected to the hair follicle by the what? |
Pilosebaceous duct |
| Eccrine sweat glands are also called...? |
sudoriferous glands |
| Ceruminous glands and glands of the eyelashes (glands of Moll) are what type of sweat gland? |
Apocrine gland |
| The nail is composed of what? |
Plates of keratinized cells that contain hard keratin. |
| The half moon shaped, white area at the base of the nail is called what? |
Lunula |
| The cuticle is also know as what? |
Eponychium |
| Epidermal repair is produced by what 2 processes? |
Basal cell proliferation or by proliferation of cells from hair follicles and sweat glands. |
| Dermal repair requires what? |
Removal of damaged collagen fibers and proliferation of fibroblasts and subsequent collagen and extracellular matrix. |
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